{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092526817536.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3389/fcell.2020.598860"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.598860/full"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Exogenous and endogenous damage to the DNA is inevitable. Several DNA repair pathways including base excision, nucleotide excision, mismatch, homologous and non-homologous recombinations are conserved across all organisms to faithfully maintain the integrity of the genome. The base excision repair (BER) pathway functions to repair single-base DNA lesions and during the process creates the premutagenic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. In this review, we discuss the components of the BER pathway in the nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic> and delineate the different phenotypes caused by the deletion or the knockdown of the respective DNA repair gene, as well as the implications. To date, two DNA glycosylases have been identified in <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic>, the monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase-1 (UNG-1) and the bifunctional endonuclease III-1 (NTH-1) with associated AP lyase activity. In addition, the animal possesses two AP endonucleases belonging to the exonuclease-3 and endonuclease IV families and in <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> these enzymes are called EXO-3 and APN-1, respectively. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase, Pol beta, that is required to reinsert the correct bases for DNA repair synthesis is not found in the genome of <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> and the evidence indicates that this role could be substituted by DNA polymerase theta (POLQ), which is known to perform a function in the microhomology-mediated end-joining pathway in human cells. The phenotypes observed by the <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> mutant strains of the BER pathway raised many challenging questions including the possibility that the DNA glycosylases may have broader functional roles, as discuss in this review.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380572092526817162","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dindial Ramotar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380572092526817419","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Noha Elsakrmy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380572092526817669","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"2296634X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Frontiers Media SA"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2020-12-03","prism:volume":"8"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.598860/full"}],"createdAt":"2020-12-03","modifiedAt":"2020-12-03","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=germ%20cells","dc:title":"germ cells"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QH301-705.5","dc:title":"QH301-705.5"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=phenotypes","dc:title":"phenotypes"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=survival","dc:title":"survival"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cell%20and%20Developmental%20Biology","dc:title":"Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=C.%20elegans","dc:title":"C. elegans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Biology%20(General)","dc:title":"Biology (General)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=base%20excision%20repair%20pathway","dc:title":"base excision repair pathway"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=DNA%20glycosylases%20and%20AP%20endonucleases","dc:title":"DNA glycosylases and AP endonucleases"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782021036928","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"19K12320"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP19K12320"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K12320/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"酸化ストレス防御・DNA修復タンパク質の同定と作用機構の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Identification of oxidative stress defence enzymes and DNA repair proteins and elucidation of  their functions"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001338207905024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"AP endonuclease EXO-3 deficiency causes developmental delay and abnormal vulval organogenesis, Pvl, through DNA glycosylase-initiated checkpoint activation in Caenorhabditis elegans"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143989716480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Inroads into base excision repair II"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145183802880","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stress-induced germ cell apoptosis by a p53 independent pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145955580672","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hypersensitivity to DNA double‐strand breaks associated with PARG deficiency is suppressed by <i>exo‐1</i> and <i>polq‐1</i> mutations in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691059675904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Caenorhabditis elegans EXO-3 contributes to longevity and reproduction: Differential roles in somatic cells and germ cells"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618473337856","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Enzymatic degradation of uracil-containing deoxyribonucleic acid. 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