{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574092886897152.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.05.007"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169809509001550?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169809509001550?httpAccept=text/plain"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Importance of the subgrid-scale turbulent moist process: Cloud distribution in global cloud-resolving simulations"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Abstract   This study investigated the turbulent transport process within the nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM), a global cloud-resolving model (GCRM), with particular focus on the spatial reproducibility of cloud characteristics in NICAM simulations. A turbulent closure model was applied, based on level 2 of the model developed by Nakanishi and Niino ([Nakanishi, M., and Niino, H., 2006: An improved Mellor–Yamada level-3 model: its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 119, 397–407.]; a revised version of the original Mellor–Yamada model), together with a subgrid-scale condensation process.  NICAM simulations were conducted for boreal summer of 2004 using mesh sizes of about 14 km and 7 km. Simulated cloud amounts and radiative budget were compared with observed data. The results confirmed an improvement in the spatial distribution of low clouds that develop in offshore regions of subtropical continents compared to past NICAM experiments ([Iga, S., Tomita, H., Tsushima, Y., and Satoh, M., 2007: Climatology of a nonhydrostatic global model with explicit cloud process. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22814, doi:10.1029/2007/GL031048.]). A sensitivity study of subgrid-scale clouds in the turbulent closure scheme revealed that the turbulent transport process modulated by the subgrid-scale cloud strongly controls not only the low-cloud amount but also mid- and high-cloud amounts. This indicates that parameterization of unresolvable subgrid-scale clouds remains an important component of cloud behavior in GCRMs."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092886897155","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Akira T. Noda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092886897152","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kazuyoshi Oouchi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092886897153","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masaki Satoh"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092886897154","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hirofumi Tomita"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092886897156","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shin-ichi Iga"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092886897157","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yoko Tsushima"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01698095"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Research"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-05","prism:volume":"96","prism:number":"2-3","prism:startingPage":"208","prism:endingPage":"217"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169809509001550?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169809509001550?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2009-05-21","modifiedAt":"2025-09-30","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050301927790407040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Global cloud-permitting simulations of Typhoon Fengshen (2008)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564285797115264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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Global Simulations of the Atmosphere, from 80 to 2.5 km Grid Spacing"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"格子間隔80kmから2.5kmの全球大気シミュレーションにおける気候統計量"},{"@value":"Special Edition on DYAMOND : The DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains : Climate Statistics in Global Simulations of the Atmosphere, from 80 to 2.5 km Grid Spacing"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390567172587897984","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Role of Typhoon Kilo (T1517) in the Kanto-Tohoku Heavy Rainfall Event in Japan in September 2015"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"平成27年9月関東・東北豪雨における平成27年台風第17号（Kilo）の役割"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390852116370207744","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Prediction Skill of the Boreal Summer Intra-Seasonal Oscillation in Global Non-hydrostatic Atmospheric Model Simulations with Explicit Cloud Microphysics"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"雲物理を陽に計算する全球非静力学大気モデルシミュレーションによる夏季熱帯季節内振動に関する予測スキル"},{"@value":"Prediction Skill of the Boreal Summer Intra-Seasonal Oscillation in Global Non-hydrostatic Atmospheric Model Simulations with Explicit Cloud Microphysics : Special Edition on DYAMOND : The DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390859238004200064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Flux Adjustment on Seasonal-Scale Sea Surface Temperature Drift in NICOCO"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"NICOCOにおける季節スケールの海面水温ドリフトに対するフラックス調節手法"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1391693801396230144","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Impacts of Sub-grid Ice Cloud Physics in a Turbulence Scheme on High Clouds and their Response to Global Warming"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"上層雲の温暖化応答に対する乱流スキームにおける氷相過程のインパクト"},{"@value":"NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE : Impacts of Sub-grid Ice Cloud Physics in a Turbulence Scheme on High Clouds and their Response to Global Warming"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842089639168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model : description and 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