RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9

<jats:title>Genome Editing</jats:title> <jats:p> Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) function as part of an adaptive immune system in a range of prokaryotes: Invading phage and plasmid DNA is targeted for cleavage by complementary CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) bound to a CRISPR-associated endonuclease (see the Perspective by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6121" page="768" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="339" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1234726"> <jats:bold>van der Oost</jats:bold> </jats:related-article> ). <jats:bold> Cong <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6121" page="819" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="339" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1231143">819</jats:related-article> , published online 3 January) and <jats:bold> Mali <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6121" page="823" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="339" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1232033">823</jats:related-article> , published online 3 January) adapted this defense system to function as a genome editing tool in eukaryotic cells. </jats:p>