{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574092894097664.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/acp-6-1777-2006"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/6/1777/2006/acp-6-1777-2006.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"11858/00-001M-0000-0011-FC97-0"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"11858/00-001M-0000-0011-FC96-1"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Simulation results of global aerosol models have been assembled in the framework of the AeroCom intercomparison exercise. In this paper, we analyze the life cycles of dust, sea salt, sulfate, black carbon and particulate organic matter as simulated by sixteen global aerosol models. The differences among the results (model diversities) for sources and sinks, burdens, particle sizes, water uptakes, and spatial dispersals have been established. These diversities have large consequences for the calculated radiative forcing and the aerosol concentrations at the surface. Processes and parameters are identified which deserve further research.  The AeroCom all-models-average emissions are dominated by the mass of sea salt (SS), followed by dust (DU), sulfate (SO4), particulate organic matter (POM), and finally black carbon (BC). Interactive parameterizations of the emissions and contrasting particles sizes of SS and DU lead generally to higher diversities of these species, and for total aerosol. The lower diversity of the emissions of the fine aerosols, BC, POM, and SO4, is due to the use of similar emission inventories, and does therefore not necessarily indicate a better understanding of their sources. The diversity of SO4-sources is mainly caused by the disagreement on depositional loss of precursor gases and on chemical production. The diversities of the emissions are passed on to the burdens, but the latter are also strongly affected by the model-specific treatments of transport and aerosol processes. The burdens of dry masses decrease from largest to smallest: DU, SS, SO4, POM, and BC.  The all-models-average residence time is shortest for SS with about half a day, followed by SO4 and DU with four days, and POM and BC with six and seven days, respectively. The wet deposition rate is controlled by the solubility and increases from DU, BC, POM to SO4 and SS. It is the dominant sink for SO4, BC, and POM, and contributes about one third to the total removal of SS and DU species. For SS and DU we find high diversities for the removal rate coefficients and deposition pathways. Models do neither agree on the split between wet and dry deposition, nor on that between sedimentation and other dry deposition processes. We diagnose an extremely high diversity for the uptake of ambient water vapor that influences the particle size and thus the sink rate coefficients. Furthermore, we find little agreement among the model results for the partitioning of wet removal into scavenging by convective and stratiform rain.  Large differences exist for aerosol dispersal both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. In some models, a minimum of total aerosol concentration is simulated at the surface. Aerosol dispersal is most pronounced for SO4 and BC and lowest for SS. Diversities are higher for meridional than for vertical dispersal, they are similar for the individual species and highest for SS and DU. For these two components we do not find a correlation between vertical and meridional aerosol dispersal. In addition the degree of dispersals of SS and DU is not related to their residence times. SO4, BC, and POM, however, show increased meridional dispersal in models with larger vertical dispersal, and dispersal is larger for longer simulated residence times.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004230585751434","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Textor"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097553","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Schulz"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097539","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Guibert"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097551","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Kinne"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097670","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Balkanski"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097557","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Bauer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097545","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Berntsen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097676","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Berglen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097538","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"O. Boucher"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097556","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Chin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097555","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"F. Dentener"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097540","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Diehl"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097547","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Easter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097560","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Feichter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097665","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. Fillmore"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097666","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Ghan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097554","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Ginoux"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097667","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Gong"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097550","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Grini"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097675","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Hendricks"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097543","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"L. Horowitz"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097408","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Huang"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097536","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"I. Isaksen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097669","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"I. Iversen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097537","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Kloster"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097673","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. Koch"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097677","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Kirkevåg"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097544","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. E. Kristjansson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097671","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Krol"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097548","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Lauer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097541","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. F. Lamarque"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097668","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"X. Liu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097664","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"V. Montanaro"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097542","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Myhre"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097549","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Penner"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097559","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Pitari"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097558","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Reddy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097409","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ø. Seland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097672","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Stier"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097552","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Takemura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380574092894097546","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"X. 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Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127139","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of Oslo (UiO)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554126996","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127141","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) ; United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127004","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 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(CEA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127105","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Columbia University [New York]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127128","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU) ; Utrecht University [Utrecht]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127130","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kyushu University [Fukuoka]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909697","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"EGU, Publication"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127117","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127007","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127132","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554126983","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kyushu University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554126995","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127144","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398392554127129","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hadley Centre ; Hadley 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Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909832","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909953","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909830","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909831","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909702","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909960","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909957","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Columbia University New York"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909834","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909954","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909701","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909698","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"United Kingdom Met Office Exeter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909699","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909828","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909959","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Battelle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909833","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder (NCAR)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909835","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892273590788909827","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 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