{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580236938522752.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3390/metabo11120835"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/12/835/pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Which Role Plays 2-Hydroxybutyric Acid on Insulin Resistance?"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is defined as a chronic condition caused by beta cell loss and/or dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). The discovering of novel biomarkers capable of identifying T2D and other metabolic disorders associated with IR in a timely and accurate way is critical. In this review, 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2HB) is presented as that upheaval biomarker with an unexplored potential ahead. Due to the activation of other metabolic pathways during IR, 2HB is synthesized as a coproduct of protein metabolism, being the progression of IR intrinsically related to the increasing of 2HB levels. Hence, the focus of this review will be on the 2HB metabolite and its involvement in glucose homeostasis. A literature review was conducted, which comprised an examination of publications from different databases that had been published over the previous ten years. A total of 19 articles fulfilled the intended set of criteria. The use of 2HB as an early indicator of IR was separated into subjects based on the number of analytes examined simultaneously. In terms of the association between 2HB and IR, it has been established that increasing 2HB levels can predict the development of IR. Thus, 2HB has demonstrated considerable promise as a clinical monitoring molecule, not only as an IR biomarker, but also for disease follow-up throughout IR treatment.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522756","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"André P. Sousa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"Faculty of Medicine, Porto University (FMUP), Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522755","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Diogo M. Cunha"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522754","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Carolina Franco"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522624","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Catarina Teixeira"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522753","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Frantz Gojon"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"Faculty of Medicine, Porto University (FMUP), Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522752","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Pilar Baylina"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580236938522757","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ruben Fernandes"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"},{"@value":"School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"22181989"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Metabolites"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"MDPI AG"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2021-12-03","prism:volume":"11","prism:number":"12","prism:startingPage":"835"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/12/835/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2021-12-05","modifiedAt":"2025-10-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757185305344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Profile of gut microbiota and serum metabolites associated with metabolic syndrome in a remote island most afflicted by obesity in Japan"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/metabo11120835"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-022-21708-0_references_DOI_Ax5KndK3Qerk1uTCwAuSs3AdQJD"}]}