{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580237014681856.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2021gl092609"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021GL092609"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2021GL092609"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021GL092609"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Persistent Stratospheric Warming Due to 2019–2020 Australian Wildfire Smoke"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Australian wildfires burning from December 2019 to January 2020 injected approximately 0.9 Tg of smoke into the stratosphere; this is the largest amount observed in the satellite era. A comparison of numerical simulations to satellite observations of the plume rise suggests that the smoke mass contained 2.5% black carbon. Model calculations project a 1 K warming in the stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes for more than 6 months following the injection of black‐carbon containing smoke. The 2020 average global mean clear sky effective radiative forcing at top of atmosphere is estimated to be −0.03 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> with a surface value of −0.32 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>. Assuming that smoke particles coat with sulfuric acid in the stratosphere and have similar heterogeneous reaction rates as sulfate aerosol, we estimate a smoke‐induced chemical decrease in total column ozone of 10–20 Dobson units from August to December in mid‐high southern latitudes.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681857","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Pengfei Yu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681861","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sean M. Davis"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681864","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Owen B. Toon"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"},{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681856","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Robert W. Portmann"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681862","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Charles G. Bardeen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681860","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"John E. Barnes"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Global Monitoring Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681863","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hagen Telg"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Global Monitoring Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681858","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Christopher Maloney"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder CO USA"},{"@value":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380580237014681859","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Karen H. Rosenlof"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder CO USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2021-04-07","prism:volume":"48","prism:number":"7","prism:startingPage":"e2021GL092609"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021GL092609"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2021GL092609"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021GL092609"}],"createdAt":"2021-03-29","modifiedAt":"2023-08-23","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865546030080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Airborne Observations Constrain Heterogeneous Nitrogen and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Biomass Burning Aerosol"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380586990848","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Balloon Baseline Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B<sup>2</sup>SAP)—Perturbations in the Southern Hemisphere, 2019–2022"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417136237056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate-relevant properties of black carbon aerosols revealed by in situ measurements : a review"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2021gl092609"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2023gl107273_references_DOI_XWiXWaVy0y7j4Bgo9SiDULVGGWE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2024jd041581_references_DOI_XWiXWaVy0y7j4Bgo9SiDULVGGWE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-023-00544-4_references_DOI_UfwfP4VdwFWqgiJ1ctkRJuaAurC"}]}