{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658465848832.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/srep28536"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28536.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28536"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.60692/2zh2r-9aa83"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.60692/2aj18-y8955"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"32332838"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Widespread ground motion distribution caused by rupture directivity during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The ground motion and damage caused by the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake can be characterized by their widespread distributions to the east. Evidence from strong ground motions, regional acceleration duration, and teleseismic waveforms indicate that rupture directivity contributed significantly to these distributions. This phenomenon has been thought to occur only if a strike-slip or dip-slip rupture propagates to a site in the along-strike or updip direction, respectively. However, even though the earthquake was a dip-slip faulting event and its source fault strike was nearly eastward, evidence for rupture directivity is found in the eastward direction. Here, we explore the reasons for this apparent inconsistency by performing a joint source inversion of seismic and geodetic datasets, and conducting ground motion simulations. The results indicate that the earthquake occurred on the underthrusting Indian lithosphere, with a low dip angle, and that the fault rupture propagated in the along-strike direction at a velocity just slightly below the <jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-wave velocity. This low dip angle and fast rupture velocity produced rupture directivity in the along-strike direction, which caused widespread ground motion distribution and significant damage extending far eastwards, from central Nepal to Mount Everest.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465849092","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kazuki Koketsu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276190578304","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"90401265"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000090401265"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002496721"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413851843"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000408586179"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409869922"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000322107834"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396102056"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401275356"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356479381"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403311051"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254741258"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254741700"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401209423"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401378779"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0165156"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroe Miyake"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465848966","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yujia Guo"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465849091","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroaki Kobayashi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465848834","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tetsu Masuda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465849096","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Srinagesh Davuluri"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465848965","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mukunda Bhattarai"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465848832","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lok Bijaya Adhikari"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848658465848963","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Soma Nath Sapkota"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"20452322"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Scientific Reports"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-06-23","prism:volume":"6","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"28536"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28536.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28536"}],"createdAt":"2016-06-23","modifiedAt":"2023-01-05","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Lithosphere","dc:title":"Lithosphere"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Ground%20motion","dc:title":"Ground motion"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Antenna%20(radio)","dc:title":"Antenna (radio)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Article","dc:title":"Article"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Directivity","dc:title":"Directivity"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Engineering","dc:title":"Engineering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Seismology","dc:title":"Seismology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Civil%20and%20Structural%20Engineering","dc:title":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=High-Resolution%20Seismic%20Noise%20Tomography","dc:title":"High-Resolution Seismic Noise Tomography"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Physics","dc:title":"Physics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Tectonics","dc:title":"Tectonics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geology","dc:title":"Geology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=FOS:%20Earth%20and%20related%20environmental%20sciences","dc:title":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Subduction","dc:title":"Subduction"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Computer%20science","dc:title":"Computer science"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Seismic%20Engineering%20and%20Ground%20Motion%20Analysis","dc:title":"Seismic Engineering and Ground Motion Analysis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Sciences","dc:title":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geophysics","dc:title":"Geophysics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Seismicity%20and%20Tectonic%20Plate%20Interactions","dc:title":"Seismicity and Tectonic Plate Interactions"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Microseisms","dc:title":"Microseisms"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Physical%20Sciences","dc:title":"Physical Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Slip%20(aerodynamics)","dc:title":"Slip (aerodynamics)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Telecommunications","dc:title":"Telecommunications"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Peak%20ground%20acceleration","dc:title":"Peak ground acceleration"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Thermodynamics","dc:title":"Thermodynamics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geodesy","dc:title":"Geodesy"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Aftershock","dc:title":"Aftershock"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256803784832","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H02989"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H02989"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15H02989/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"動力学的震源を活用した地震ハザード評価の新展開"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Ground Motion Prediction for the Next Generation"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050869456408682240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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1255"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894016801664","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Likelihood and the Bayes procedure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895857497344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ground Motions from the 2015<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Constrained by a Detailed Assessment of Macroseismic Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368907579648","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Theoretical Method for Computing Near-Fault Ground Motions in Layered Half-Spaces Considering Static Offset Due to Surface Faulting, with a Physical Interpretation of Fling Step and Rupture Directivity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843571645056","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Slip pulse and resonance of the Kathmandu basin 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