{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567862531712.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-85-2016"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/85/2016/acp-16-85-2016.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/acpd-15-23051-2015"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Delivery of anthropogenic bioavailable iron from mineral dust and combustion  aerosols to the ocean"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic soluble iron (Fe) to the ocean has been suggested to modulate primary ocean productivity and thus indirectly affect the climate. A key process contributing to anthropogenic sources of soluble Fe is associated with air pollution, which acidifies Fe-containing mineral aerosols during their transport and leads to Fe transformation from insoluble to soluble forms. However, there is large uncertainty in our estimate of this anthropogenic soluble Fe. In this study, for the first time, we interactively combined laboratory kinetic experiments with global aerosol modeling to more accurately quantify anthropogenic soluble Fe due to air pollution. Firstly, we determined Fe dissolution kinetics of African dust samples at acidic pH values with and without ionic species commonly found in aerosol water (i.e., sulfate and oxalate). Then, by using acidity as a master variable, we constructed a new empirical scheme for Fe release from mineral dust due to inorganic and organic anions in aerosol water. We implemented this new scheme and applied an updated mineralogical emission database in a global atmospheric chemistry transport model to estimate the atmospheric concentration and deposition flux of soluble Fe under preindustrial and modern conditions. Our improved model successfully captured the inverse relationship of Fe solubility and total Fe loading measured over the North Atlantic Ocean (i.e., 1–2 orders of magnitude lower Fe solubility in northern-African- than combustion-influenced aerosols). The model results show a positive relationship between Fe solubility and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)/Fe molar ratio, which is consistent with previous field measurements. We estimated that deposition of soluble Fe to the ocean increased from 0.05–0.07 Tg Fe yr−1 in the preindustrial era to 0.11–0.12 Tg Fe yr−1 in the present day, due to air pollution. Over the high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean, the modeled Fe solubility remains low for mineral dust (</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004055552390426","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Ito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380855567862531712","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Z. Shi"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"16807324"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-01-15","prism:volume":"16","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"85","prism:endingPage":"99"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/85/2016/acp-16-85-2016.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2016-01-27","modifiedAt":"2025-02-08","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Chemistry","dc:title":"Chemistry"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Physics","dc:title":"Physics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QC1-999","dc:title":"QC1-999"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QD1-999","dc:title":"QD1-999"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050022853111391232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiphase processes in the EC-Earth model and their relevance to the atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and iron cycles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050292041068397184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Iron reproductive toxicity of marine rotifer sibling species: Adaptation to temperate and tropical habitats"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585803064811904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Contribution of combustion Fe in marine aerosols over the northwestern Pacific estimated by Fe stable isotope ratios"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585803064812800","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ocean fertilization by pyrogenic aerosol iron"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585803064813824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Competing and accelerating effects of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on climate-driven changes in ocean carbon and oxygen cycles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585869110492032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Radiative forcing by light-absorbing aerosols of pyrogenetic iron oxides"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587981428381184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Subpolar marginal seas fuel the North Pacific through the intermediate water at the termination of the global ocean circulation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278040957184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"High Production of Soluble Iron Promoted by Aerosol Acidification in Fog"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278040958336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evaluation of aerosol iron solubility over Australian coastal regions based on inverse modeling: implications of bushfires on bioaccessible iron concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278041523328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Less atmospheric radiative heating by dust due to the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278041524352","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Iron from coal combustion particles dissolves much faster than mineral dust under simulated atmospheric acidic conditions"},{"@value":"Iron from coal combustion particles dissolves much faster than mineral dust under simulated atmospheric acid conditions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278041525632","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Aerosol Iron from Metal Production as a Secondary Source of Bioaccessible Iron"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216823383808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Anthropogenic combustion iron as a complex climate forcer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233150418560","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stable Isotope Ratios of Combustion Iron Produced by Evaporation in a Steel Plant"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240190278016","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Reviews and syntheses: the GESAMP atmospheric iron deposition model intercomparison study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282426441600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Suspension of Crustal Materials from Wildfire in Indonesia as Revealed by Pb Isotope Analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282469450752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sources and processes of iron aerosols in a megacity in Eastern China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704783600768","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Do dust emissions from sparsely vegetated regions dominate atmospheric iron supply to the Southern Ocean?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708270412416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimation of Metal Emissions From Tropical Peatland Burning in Indonesia by Controlled Laboratory Experiments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617731986432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Recent (1980 to 2015) Trends and Variability in Daily‐to‐Interannual Soluble Iron Deposition from Dust, Fire, and Anthropogenic Sources"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567185890769024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Pyrogenic iron: The missing link to high iron solubility in aerosols"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092708866432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global-scale constraints on light-absorbing anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118678827904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Speciation of Magnesium in Aerosols Using X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Related to Its Contribution to Neutralization Reactions in the Atmosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360579811557323520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Iron (Fe) speciation in size-fractionated aerosol particles in the Pacific Ocean: The role of organic complexation of Fe with humic-like substances in controlling Fe solubility"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580232401930112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Earth, Wind, Fire, and Pollution: Aerosol Nutrient Sources and Impacts on Ocean Biogeochemistry"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707153878400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Aerosol Iron Solubility Specification in the Global Marine Atmosphere with Machine Learning"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865815487670656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Asian dust-deposition flux to the subarctic Pacific estimated using single quartz particles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894633097088","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A review: iron and nutrient supply in the subarctic Pacific and its impact on phytoplankton production"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390026104430110336","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"安定同位体と化学種分析を用いた大気・海洋間の鉄の供給過程に関する研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigating atmospheric Fe supply to the ocean using stable isotope ratios and chemical speciation"},{"@value":"安定同位体と化学種分析を用いた大気・海洋間の鉄の供給過程に関する研究 : 2025年度日本海洋学会岡田賞受賞記念論文"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"アンテイ ドウイタイ ト カガクシュ ブンセキ オ モチイタ タイキ ・ カイヨウカン ノ テツ ノ キョウキュウ カテイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : 2025ネンド ニホン カイヨウ ガッカイ オカダショウ ジュショウ キネン ロンブン"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-85-2016"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::c08e8e1ac11e2ead30084cfcabdb6563"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-018-03997-0_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.2000658117_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-16027-2021_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00270_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5928/kaiyou.35.2_49_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2016jd025939_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019jd030364_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00171_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020gl089688_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1126/sciadv.aau7671_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41612-021-00171-0_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/atmos12050586_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10872-021-00606-5_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-020-00357-9_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106135_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-22-9461-2022_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1126/sciadv.abl9207_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1146/annurev-marine-031921-013612_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-018-25756-3_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019gl086124_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acs.est.2c06472_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41612-021-00185-8_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-22-6045-2022_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acs.est.2c05266_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-023-41201-6_references_DOI_ZKkYDzItAFdNmkKUaCrEWMqJDgq"}]}