{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855571486587392.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/jgrd.50613"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjgrd.50613"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jgrd.50613"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Arctic surface temperature change to emissions of black carbon within Arctic or midlatitudes"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>In this study, we address the question of how sensitive the Arctic climate is to black carbon (BC) emitted within the Arctic compared to BC emitted at midlatitudes. We consider the emission‐climate response spectrum and present a set of experiments using a global climate model. A new emission data set including BC emissions from flaring and a seasonal variation in the domestic sector has been used. The climate model includes a snow model to simulate the climate effect of BC deposited on snow. We find that BC emitted within the Arctic has an almost five times larger Arctic surface temperature response (per unit of emitted mass) compared to emissions at midlatitudes. Especially during winter, BC emitted in North‐Eurasia is transported into the high Arctic at low altitudes. A large fraction of the surface temperature response from BC is due to increased absorption when BC is deposited on snow and sea ice with associated feedbacks. Today there are few within‐Arctic sources of BC, but the emissions are expected to grow due to increased human activity in the Arctic. There is a great need to improve cleaner technologies if further development is to take place in the Arctic, especially since the Arctic has a significantly higher sensitivity to BC emitted within the Arctic compared to BC emitted at midlatitudes.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380855571486587394","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Maria Sand"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geosciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380855571486587395","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Terje Koren Berntsen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geosciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380855571486587392","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Øyvind Seland"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380855571486587393","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jón Egill Kristjánsson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geosciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"2169897X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21698996"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2013-07-27","prism:volume":"118","prism:number":"14","prism:startingPage":"7788","prism:endingPage":"7798"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjgrd.50613"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jgrd.50613"}],"createdAt":"2013-07-02","modifiedAt":"2023-09-15","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360585256673789824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global and regional radiative forcing from 20 % reductions in  BC, OC and SO\n                  <sub>4</sub>\n                  – an HTAP2 multi-model study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567686476928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"AeroCom phase III multi-model evaluation of the aerosol life cycle and optical properties using ground- and space-based remote sensing as well as surface in situ observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266981897984","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/jgrd.50613"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-13579-2016_references_DOI_DfaZKrmnC22Tl8NELpNMQDZLCfx"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-87-2021_references_DOI_DfaZKrmnC22Tl8NELpNMQDZLCfx"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-020-00348-w_references_DOI_DfaZKrmnC22Tl8NELpNMQDZLCfx"}]}