{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857598147188864.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2019jb019182"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019JB019182"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JB019182"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019JB019182"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JB019182"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Gas‐Pyroclast Motions in Volcanic Conduits During Strombolian Eruptions, in Light of Shock Tube Experiments"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In a Strombolian volcanic eruption, bursting of a pressurized gas pocket accelerates a mixture of gas and pyroclasts along a conduit and out of a vent. While mixture ejection at the vent is the subject of direct geophysical measurements, and a key to eruption understanding, the dynamics of how the mixture moves in the conduit are not observable and only partly understood. Here, we use analog, transparent shock tube experiments to study the dynamics of gas and particles under fast gas decompression in a vertical tube. Maximum particle exit velocity increases linearly with increasing energy (pressure times volume) of the pressurized gas and, subordinately, with decreasing particle size and depth in the tube. Particles, initially at rest, are at first accelerated and dispersed in the conduit by the expanding gas. When the gas decelerates or even reverses its motion due to pressure changes in the tube, the particles, moving under their inertia, are then decelerated by the gas drag. Deceleration lasts longer for lower initial gas energy and for deeper particle starting position. Experiments and eruptions share two key vent ejection features: (1) particles exit the vent already decelerating, and (2) the exit velocity of the particles decays over time following the same nonlinear law. Friction with slower or even backflowing gas likely causes pyroclast deceleration in volcanic conduits during Strombolian explosions. Pyroclast deceleration, in turn, affects their exit velocity at the vent, as well as estimates of the explosion source depth based on temporal changes in exit velocity.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188868","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Valentino Salvatore"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza ‐ Università di Roma  Rome Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188865","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Valeria Cigala"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department für Geo‐ und Umweltwissenschaften Sektion Mineralogie, Petrologie und Geochemie Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München  Munich Germany"},{"@value":"Dipartimento di Geoscienze Università degli Studi di Padova  Padua Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188864","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jacopo Taddeucci"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188736","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alejandra Arciniega‐Ceballos"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Departamento de Vulcanología, Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria  Mexico City Mexico"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188866","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Juan José Peña Fernández"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"ISTA Technische Universität Berlin  Berlin Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188737","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Miguel Angel Alatorre‐Ibargüengoitia"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Centro de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgos y Cambio Climático Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas  Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas Mexico"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188738","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Damien Gaudin"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Dipartimento di Geoscienze Università degli Studi di Padova  Padua Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188739","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Danilo M. Palladino"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza ‐ Università di Roma  Rome Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188867","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ulrich Kueppers"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department für Geo‐ und Umweltwissenschaften Sektion Mineralogie, Petrologie und Geochemie Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München  Munich Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857598147188740","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Piergiorgio Scarlato"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699313"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699356"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2020-04","prism:volume":"125","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"1"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019JB019182"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JB019182"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019JB019182"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JB019182"}],"createdAt":"2020-04-06","modifiedAt":"2023-09-05","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050857593494828416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Combined approach to estimate the depth of the magma surface in a shallow conduit at Aso volcano, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580229823040000","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal variation in the depth of the magma surface at Aso volcano in 2014–2015"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019jb019182"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01523-z_references_DOI_GCRutJeSP5scgmeHsinW33ZBOvt"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s00445-022-01616-x_references_DOI_GCRutJeSP5scgmeHsinW33ZBOvt"}]}