Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Biomarkers in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
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- Daisuke Takayanagi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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- Hourin Cho
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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- Erika Machida
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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- Atsushi Kawamura
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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- Atsuo Takashima
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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- Satoshi Wada
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
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- Takuya Tsunoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
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- Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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- Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
説明
<jats:p>Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate from the diffuse neuroendocrine cell system of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract and have increasingly increased in number over the decades. GEP-NENs are roughly classified into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas; it is essential to understand the pathological classification according to the mitotic count and Ki67 proliferation index. In addition, with the advent of molecular-targeted drugs and somatostatin analogs and advances in endoscopic and surgical treatments, the multidisciplinary treatment of GEP-NENs has made great progress. In the management of GEP-NENs, accurate diagnosis is key for the proper selection among these diversified treatment methods. The evaluation of hormone-producing ability, diagnostic imaging, and histological diagnosis is central. Advances in the study of the genetic landscape have led to deeper understanding of tumor biology; it has also become possible to identify druggable mutations and predict therapeutic effects. Liquid biopsy, based on blood mRNA expression for GEP-NENs, has been developed, and is useful not only for early detection but also for assessing minimal residual disease after surgery and prediction of therapeutic effects. This review outlines the updates and future prospects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of GEP-NENs.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Cancers
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Cancers 14 (5), 1119-, 2022-02-22
MDPI AG