{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707397336448.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3390/en15176381"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6381/pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Grid-Independent Hybrid Energy System for Sustained Rural Electrification in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>The absence of electricity is among the gravest problems preventing a nation’s development. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) play a vital role to reducing this issue. The major goal of this study is to use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II and hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) Pro Software to reduce the net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and CO2 emissions of proposed power system. Five cases have been considered to understand the optimal HRES system for Kutubdia Island in Bangladesh and analyzed the technical viability and economic potential of this system. To demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested strategy, the best case outcomes from the two approaches are compared. The study’s optimal solution is also subjected to a sensitivity analysis to take into account fluctuations in the annual wind speed, solar radiation, and fuel costs. According to the data, the optimized PV/Wind/Battery/DG system (USD 711,943) has a lower NPC than the other cases. The NPC obtained by the NSGA-II technique is 2.69% lower than that of the HOMER-based system.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861707397336450","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Md. Islam"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nakagami, Nishihara-cho 903-0213, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861707397336477","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Homeyra Akter"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nakagami, Nishihara-cho 903-0213, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861707397336462","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Harun Howlader"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nakagami, Nishihara-cho 903-0213, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861707397336452","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tomonobu Senjyu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nakagami, Nishihara-cho 903-0213, Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19961073"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Energies"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"MDPI AG"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2022-09-01","prism:volume":"15","prism:number":"17","prism:startingPage":"6381"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6381/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2022-09-01","modifiedAt":"2025-10-11","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Technology","dc:title":"Technology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=cost%20of%20energy","dc:title":"cost of energy"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=T","dc:title":"T"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=hybrid%20renewable%20energy%20system;%20net%20present%20cost;%20cost%20of%20energy;%20techno-economic%20analysis;%20sensitivity;%20genetic%20algorithm;%20emission%20analysis","dc:title":"hybrid renewable energy system; net present cost; cost of energy; techno-economic analysis; sensitivity; genetic algorithm; emission analysis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=genetic%20algorithm","dc:title":"genetic algorithm"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=sensitivity","dc:title":"sensitivity"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=net%20present%20cost","dc:title":"net present cost"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=techno-economic%20analysis","dc:title":"techno-economic analysis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=hybrid%20renewable%20energy%20system","dc:title":"hybrid renewable energy 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