Three-year follow-up analysis of phase 1/2 study on tirabrutinib in patients with relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The ONO-4059-02 phase 1/2 study showed favorable efficacy and acceptable safety profile of tirabrutinib, a second-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Here, we report the long-term efficacy and safety after a 3-year follow-up.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Eligible patients were aged ≥ 20 years with histologically diagnosed PCNSL and KPS of ≥ 70. Patients received oral tirabrutinib once daily at 320 or 480 mg, or 480 mg under fasted conditions.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Between October 19, 2017, and June 13, 2019, 44 patients were enrolled: 33 and 9 had relapsed and refractory, respectively. The 320, 480, and 480 mg fasted groups included 20, 7, and 17 patients, respectively. The median follow-up was 37.1 months. The overall response rate was 63.6% (95% CI: 47.8–77.6) with complete response (CR), unconfirmed CR, and partial response in 9, 7, and 12 patients, respectively. The median duration of response (DOR) was 9.2 months, with a DOR rate of 19.8%; the median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) were 2.9 months and not reached, respectively, with PFS and OS rates of 13.9% and 56.7%, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 38 patients (86.4%): grade ≥ 3 in 23 (52.3%) including 1 patient with grade 5 events. KPS and quality of life (QoL) scores were well maintained among patients receiving long-term treatment.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The results demonstrated the long-term clinical benefit of tirabrutinib, with deep and durable response in a subset of patients and acceptable safety profile, while KPS and QoL scores were maintained.</jats:p> </jats:sec>