DAY-LENGTH-DEPENDENT DELAYED-GREENING1, the Arabidopsis Homolog of the Cyanobacterial H+-Extrusion Protein, Is Essential for Chloroplast pH Regulation and Optimization of Non-Photochemical Quenching

  • Kyohei Harada
    School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
  • Takatoshi Arizono
    School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
  • Ryoichi Sato
    School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
  • Mai Duy Luu Trinh
    School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
  • Akira Hashimoto
    School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
  • Masaru Kono
    Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
  • Masaru Tsujii
    Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
  • Nobuyuki Uozumi
    Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan
  • Shinichi Takaichi
    Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
  • Shinji Masuda
    School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which supports almost all life activities on earth. Because the intensity and quality of sunlight can change dramatically throughout the day, various regulatory mechanisms help plants adjust their photosynthetic output accordingly, including the regulation of light energy accumulation to prevent the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a regulatory mechanism that dissipates excess light energy, but how it is regulated is not fully elucidated. In this study, we report a new NPQ-regulatory protein named Day-Length-dependent Delayed-Greening1 (DLDG1). The Arabidopsis DLDG1 associates with the chloroplast envelope membrane, and the dldg1 mutant had a large NPQ value compared with wild type. The mutant also had a pale-green phenotype in developing leaves but only under continuous light; this phenotype was not observed when dldg1 was cultured in the dark for ≥8 h/d. DLDG1 is a homolog of the plasma membrane-localizing cyanobacterial proton-extrusion-protein A that is required for light-induced H+ extrusion and also shows similarity in its amino-acid sequence to that of Ycf10 encoded in the plastid genome. Arabidopsis DLDG1 enhances the growth-retardation phenotype of the Escherichia coli K+/H+ antiporter mutant, and the everted membrane vesicles of the E. coli expressing DLDG1 show the K+/H+ antiport activity. Our findings suggest that DLDG1 functionally interacts with Ycf10 to control H+ homeostasis in chloroplasts, which is important for the light-acclimation response, by optimizing the extent of NPQ.</jats:p>

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