{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044443333504.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/2009jcli3128.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/23/1/113/3956890/2009jcli3128_1.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Large-Scale Dynamics of the Meiyu-Baiu Rainband: Environmental Forcing by the Westerly Jet*"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Meiyu-baiu is the major rainy season from central China to Japan brought by a zonally elongated rainband from June to mid-July. Large-scale characteristics and environmental forcing of this important phenomenon are investigated based on a reanalysis dataset. The meiyu-baiu rainband is accompanied by a trough of sea level pressure, horizontal shears, and sharp moisture gradients near the surface, a westerly jet tilted northward with height, and large northeastward moisture transport from the south.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The analysis here reveals the westerly jet as an important culprit for meiyu-baiu. Along the rainband, mean ascending motion corresponds well with a band of warm horizontal temperature advection in the midtroposphere throughout summer. This adiabatic induction of upward motion originates from the advection of warm air by the westerlies from the eastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau. The ascending motion both induces convection and is enhanced by the resultant condensational heating. The westerly jet anchors the meiyu-baiu rainband also by steering transient eddies, creating periods conducive to convection through convective instability and adiabatic updrafts. Indeed, in meiyu-baiu, the probability distribution of convective instability shows large spreads and is strongly skewed, with a sharp cutoff on the unstable side resulting from the effective removal of instability by convection. Thus, active weather disturbances in the westerly waveguide explain a paradox that convection is active in the meiyu-baiu rainband while mean convective instability is significantly higher to the south over the subtropical North Pacific warm pool. In addition to the westerly jet, low-level southerly winds over eastern China between the heat low over Asia and the subtropical high pressure belt over the Pacific are another important environmental forcing for meiyu-baiu by supplying moisture. A conceptual model for meiyu-baiu is presented, and its implications for seasonal and interannual variations are discussed.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044443333505","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takeaki Sampe"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"International Pacific Research Center, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044443333504","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shang-Ping Xie"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"International Pacific Research Center, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200442"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08948755"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"http://id.crossref.org/issn/08948755"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Climate"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-01-01","prism:volume":"23","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"113","prism:endingPage":"134"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/23/1/113/3956890/2009jcli3128_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2009-07-30","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050025031475623424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Jet-Precipitation Relation and Future Change of the Mei-Yu-Baiu Rainband and Subtropical Jet in CMIP5 Coupled GCM Simulations"},{"@value":"Jet-precipitation relation and future change of mei-yu/baiu rainband and subtropical jet in CMIP5 coupled GCM simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282677537209216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Atmospheric Rivers over the Northwestern Pacific: Climatology and Interannual Variability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587915188303744","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Impact of sea surface temperature anomalies in the East China Sea and western subtropical pacific on the August 2021 Northern Kyushu heavy precipitation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587981430798208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meandering Subtropical Jet and Precipitation over Summertime East Asia and the Northwestern Pacific"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587981431576960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Response of the Baiu Rainband to Northwest Pacific SST Anomalies and Its Impact on Atmospheric Circulation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050850247205608704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Oceanic influence on the Baiu frontal zone in the East China Sea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050864877743890816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Baiu Rainband Termination in Atmospheric and Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Models"},{"@value":"Baiu rainband termination in atmospheric and atmosphere–ocean models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005516215306368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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torrential rain event in northern Kyushu (Japan) in early July 2017"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282198259712","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of moisture supply from the subtropical western Pacific on the subtropical high and the atmospheric river during the heavy rain of 2020 in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690279858432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Summertime land–sea thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation over East Asia in a warming climate—Part I: Past changes and future projections"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283693788248960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dynamics of Interannual Variability in Summer Precipitation over East 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Monsoon : Toward the IODP drilling of the Japan Sea and East China Sea"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本海堆積物と東アジア・モンスーン変動－IODP日本海・東シナ海掘削に向けて－"},{"@value":"2010年度日本第四紀学会賞受賞記念論文 日本海堆積物と東アジア・モンスーン変動 : IODP日本海・東シナ海掘削に向けて"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"2010ネンド ニホン ダイシキ ガッカイショウ ジュショウ キネン ロンブン ニホンカイ タイセキブツ ト ヒガシアジア ・ モンスーン ヘンドウ : IODP ニホンカイ ・ ヒガシシナカイ クッサク ニ ムケテ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503077504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Influence of Upper Tropospheric Disturbances on the Synoptic Variability of Precipitation and Moisture Transport over Summertime East Asia and the Northwestern Pacific"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503665280","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Strengthening of the Southern Side of the Jet Stream and Delayed Withdrawal of Baiu Season in Future Climate"},{"@value":"NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE : Strengthening of the Southern Side of the Jet Stream and Delayed Withdrawal of Baiu Season in Future Climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206504994816","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Interannual Variability of the Baiu Season near Japan Evaluated from the Equivalent Potential Temperature"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505115520","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Projected Future Changes in the Asian Monsoon: A Comparison of CMIP3 and CMIP5 Model Results"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206506665984","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Climatological Relationship between Warm Season Atmospheric Rivers and Heavy Rainfall over East Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206507201408","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Future Changes in Atmospheric Conditions for the Seasonal Evolution of the Baiu as Revealed from Projected AGCM Experiments"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"AGCM 実験による梅雨季節進行における大気条件の将来変化"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001288095790976","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Budget Analyses of Precipitation and Energetics Associated with Torrential Rainfall Events over Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001288144883584","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Dynamical Downscaling Simulation and Future Projection of Extreme Precipitation Activities in Taiwan during the Mei-Yu Seasons"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001288146733056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Primary Factors behind the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 and the Subsequent Heat Wave in Japan"},{"@value":"Effects of implementing the simple biosphere model in a general circulation model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001288153504640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Role of Typhoon Prapiroon (Typhoon No. 7) on the Formation Process of the Baiu Front Inducing Heavy Rain in July 2018 in Western Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390002184847439488","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL IN MOUNT SAKURAJIMA BASED ON WEATHER RADAR"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390003825205982848","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"4-year Climatology of Global Drop Size Distribution and its Seasonal Variability Observed by Spaceborne Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"衛星搭載二周波降水レーダによる全球雨滴粒径分布の４年気候値とその季節変動"},{"@value":"Special Edition on Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) : 5th Anniversary : 4-year Climatology of Global Drop Size Distribution and its Seasonal Variability Observed by Spaceborne Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390003825207801856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"An Atmospheric General Circulation Model Assessment of Oceanic Impacts on Extreme Climatic Events over Japan in July 2018"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"大気大循環モデルにもとづく2018年7月に日本で発生した極端現象への海洋からの影響評価"},{"@value":"Special Edition on Extreme Rainfall Events in 2017 and 2018 : An Atmospheric General Circulation Model Assessment of Oceanic Impacts on Extreme Climatic Events over Japan in July 2018"},{"@value":"andH An atmospheric general circulation model assessment of oceanic impacts on extreme climatic events over Japan in Meteor Japan https org"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390003825208274048","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Contrasting Features of the July 2018 Heavy Rainfall Event and the 2017 Northern Kyushu Rainfall Event in Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"2018年７月豪雨と2017年九州北部豪雨の対照的特徴"},{"@value":"Special Edition on Extreme Rainfall Events in 2017 and 2018 : Contrasting Features of the July 2018 Heavy Rainfall Event and the 2017 Northern Kyushu Rainfall Event in 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