{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044741922432.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2002)128:2(129)"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282002%29128%3A2%28129%29"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Mechanism for Postliquefaction Water Film Generation in Layered Sand"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Soil investigations at two sites demonstrate that layered structure or stratification in sand deposits is prevalent not only in reclaimed ground but also in natural alluvial ground. One-dimensional liquefaction tests in a lucite tube are then carried out for models of several types of layered sand, indicating that water films will develop under most circumstances beneath or within less-permeable sublayers. A basic mechanism for the water film generation is discussed based on the measurements of soil settlement and excess pore pressure. The development of the water film and the associated soil settlement are numerically simulated by a simple sedimentation analysis and a rational explanation of the test results is found. Thus a significant involvement of water films in liquefied sand deposits and their basic mechanism are clarified. It is highly probable that water films are involved as a part of a sliding surface and play a significant role in a seismically induced flow failure in loose and layered sand deposits during liquefaction."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044741922433","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takeji Kokusho"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Professor of Civil Engineering Dept., Science and Engineering Faculty, Chuo Univ., 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan (corresponding author)."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044741922432","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tetsuro Kojima"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Former graduate student, Civil Engineering Dept., Chuo Univ., 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"10900241"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19435606"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2002-02","prism:volume":"128","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"129","prism:endingPage":"137"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282002%29128%3A2%28129%29"}],"createdAt":"2002-07-26","modifiedAt":"2022-06-09","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282450796416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Simulation of water film formation during the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, Indonesia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692038856576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Pile Stress Estimation Based on Seismic Deformation Method with Embedment Effects on Pile Caps"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205358494336","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Seismic Base-Isolation in Liquefied Layer in Terms of Energy"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"液状化地盤における免震メカニズムのエネルギー的検討"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205602931968","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"ENERGY ANALYSIS AND MODEL TESTS ON LATERAL FLOW INDUCED BY WATER FILM EFFECT IN LIQUEFIED GROUND"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"液状化地盤の水膜現象による流動の模型実験とエネルギー的検討"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"エキジョウカ ジバン ノ スイマク ゲンショウ ニ ヨル リュウドウ ノ モケイ ジッケン ト エネルギーテキ ケントウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679414477312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Gravitational Instability of a Close Packed Granular Medium in a Liquid"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"液体中における密に詰まった粉粒体の重力不安定"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"エキタイ チュウ ニ オケル ミツ ニ ツマッタ フンリュウタイ ノ ジュウリョク フアンテイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680229533696","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"TRACE OF LIQUEFACTION AND FLOW SLIDE BASED ON THE GEOSLICER SURVEY"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"地層抜き取り調査に基づく信濃川左岸部の液状化および流動変形の痕跡"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680328746880","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"LIQUEFACTION CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EFFECTS OF SAND COMPACTION PILE AS COUNTERMEASURES IN SAND-CLAY LAYERED GROUND"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"互層地盤の液状化特性とSCP対策効果"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417130247424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Forensic investigation of flowslides triggered by 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