{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044889686912.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/esp.3290080508"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fesp.3290080508"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/esp.3290080508"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Rates of surface processes on slopes, slope retreat and denudation"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Results taken from 270 publications on rates are summarized, and collated with those from 149 publications reviewed previously (Young, 1969, 1974). The data are classified by major climatic zone, normal or steep relief, and consolidated or unconsolidated rocks. Representative rates and their ranges are given for soil creep, solifluction, surface wash, solution (chemical denudation), rock weathering, slope retreat, cliff (free face) retreat, marine cliff retreat, and denudation, the last being compared with representative rates of uplift. Solifluction is of the order of 10 times faster than soil creep, but both cause only very slow ground loss. Solution is an important cause of ground loss for siliceous rocks, on which it may be half as rapid as on limestones. Total denudation, brought about mainly by surface wash, reaches a maximum in the semi‐arid and probably also the tropical savanna zones. Acceleration of natural erosion rates by human activities ranges from 2–3 times with moderately intense land use to about 10 times with intensive land use (and considerably higher still where there is recognized accelerated soil erosion). Where there is active uplift, typical rates are of the order of 10 times faster than denudation, although in some high, steep mountain ranges these may approach equality.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044889686912","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ian Saunders"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044889686913","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anthony Young"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01979337"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10969837"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1983-09","prism:volume":"8","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"473","prism:endingPage":"501"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fesp.3290080508"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/esp.3290080508"}],"createdAt":"2007-02-03","modifiedAt":"2023-11-21","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707106298496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The effect of rock strength on weathering rates of sandstone used for Angkor temples in Cambodia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204236769536","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地形学からみた風化研究の問題点と今後の課題"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Problems and Assignments Related to Weathering Studies from a Geomorphological Perspective"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"チケイガク カラ ミタ フウカ ケンキュウ ノ モンダイテン ト コンゴ ノ カダイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679214744704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"石造物を利用した岩石の風化速度に関する研究動向"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Weathering Rates of Stone-built Heritages"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"イシ ゾウブツ オ リヨウ シタ ガンセキ ノ フウカ ソクド ニ カンスル ケンキュウ ドウコウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390288215571600512","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Identification, Monitoring, and Assessment of an Active Landslide in Tavan-Hauthao, Sapa, Laocai, Vietnam – A Multidisciplinary Approach"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050870367053929856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global evaluation of erosion rates in relation to tectonics"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/esp.3290080508"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.20965/jdr.2021.p0501_references_DOI_JXfFGjNRoqzsuWqUZrijo2nq1Ke"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5026/jgeography.126.455_references_DOI_JXfFGjNRoqzsuWqUZrijo2nq1Ke"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-017-0156-3_references_DOI_JXfFGjNRoqzsuWqUZrijo2nq1Ke"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.006_references_DOI_JXfFGjNRoqzsuWqUZrijo2nq1Ke"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5026/jgeography.126.271_references_DOI_JXfFGjNRoqzsuWqUZrijo2nq1Ke"}]}