{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044933474816.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1107:dvopwo>2.0.co;2"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/abs/10.1175/1520-0450%282003%29042%3C1107%3ADVOPWO%3E2.0.CO%3B2"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Diurnal Variation of Precipitable Water over a Mountainous Area of Sumatra Island"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Diurnal variations in atmospheric water vapor at Koto Tabang, a mountainous area of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, are studied by analyzing the GPS-derived precipitable water, radiosonde data, and surface meteorological observation data. A permanent GPS receiving station was established at Koto Tabang in March of 2001. Radiosonde soundings were carried out at 3-h intervals to study the atmospheric water and energy cycles in the Maritime Continent of Indonesia. A distinct diurnal variation in water vapor is observed. The precipitable water increases during daytime, reaching its maximum in the late afternoon. The results of the radiosonde observations indicate that the increase in water vapor occurs up to an altitude of approximately 3 km. Water vapor is transported by turbulent mixing with the development of the boundary layer in the afternoon. The diurnal cycle of water vapor is affected by the intensity of incident solar radiation. It is suggested that the diurnal variation in water vapor is caused by the horizontal transport of water vapor by local circulation. The diurnal range of the precipitable water on days with heavy rain was larger than that on days without rain. Rainfall often occurs as intensive showers during a short period in the late afternoon and early evening in the Koto Tabang area; daily shortwave radiation is still sufficiently strong to generate the local circulations and to induce large diurnal variation in precipitable water, even on the heavy-rain days."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044933474816","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Peiming Wu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044933474945","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jun-Ichi Hamada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044933474818","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shuichi Mori"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044933474817","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yudi I. Tauhid"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044933474944","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Manabu D. Yamanaka"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137044933474819","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fujio Kimura"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08948763"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200450"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Applied Meteorology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2003-08","prism:volume":"42","prism:number":"8","prism:startingPage":"1107","prism:endingPage":"1115"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/abs/10.1175/1520-0450%282003%29042%3C1107%3ADVOPWO%3E2.0.CO%3B2"}],"createdAt":"2003-07-22","modifiedAt":"2020-12-16","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1051693803343107968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meridional march of diurnal rainfall over Jakarta, Indonesi a, observed with a C-band Doppler radar: An overview of the HARIMAU2010 campaign"},{"@value":"Diurnal land–sea rainfall peak migration over Sumatera Island, Indonesian maritime continent, observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings"},{"@value":"Diurnal land-sea rainfall peak migration over Sumatera Island, Indonesian IMC observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings"},{"@value":"Diurnal landsea rainfall peak migration over Sumatra Island, Indonesian maritime continent observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings"},{"@value":"Forecasting for flood warning"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757176208256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Characteristics of Precipitation Diurnal Cycle over a Mountainous Area of Sumatra Island including MJO and Seasonal Signatures Based on the 15-Year Optical Rain Gauge Data, WRF Model and IMERG"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205221212160","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Diurnal Variation of Rainfall and Precipitable Water over Siberut Island off the Western Coast of Sumatra Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205222069120","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Why Torrential Rain Occurs on the Western Coast of Sumatra Island at the Leading Edge of the MJO Westerly Wind Bursts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205223140864","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A Dramatic Daytime Decrease in Water Vapor over Coastal Thailand"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503120512","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Diurnal Cycles of Wind and Cloud Activity Observed at Serpong, West Jawa, Indonesia"},{"@value":"Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Diurnal Cycles of Wind and Cloud Activity Observed at Serpong, West Jawa, Indonesia(<Special Issue>CPEA-Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503127552","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Observational Study on Westerly Wind Burst over Sumatra, Indonesia by the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar  A Case Study During the First CPEA Campaign"},{"@value":"Observational Study on Westerly Wind Burst over Sumatra, Indonesia by the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar--A Case Study during the First CPEA Observation Campaign"},{"@value":"Observational Study on Westerly Wind Burst over Sumatra, Indonesia by the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar : A Case Study During the First CPEA Campaign(<Special Issue>CPEA-Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505609216","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Diurnal Cycle of Cloud System Migration over Sumatera Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390006352514734464","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Selected Years of Monsoon Variations and Extratropical Dry-Air Intrusions Compared with the Sumatran GPS Array Observations in Indonesia"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"特定の年のモンスーン変動と温帯乾燥空気侵入に関するインドネシア・スマトラ島GPS網比較観測"},{"@value":"Selected Years of Monsoon Variations and Extratropical Dry-Air Intrusions Compared with the Sumatran GPS Array Observations in Indonesia : Special 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Atmosphere)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480121088","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Differences of Rainfall Characteristics between Coastal and Interior Areas of Central Western Sumatera, Indonesia"},{"@value":"Sea-breeze circulation over Jakarta, Indonesia: A climatology based on boundary layer radar observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480694272","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Formation of Nocturnal Rainfall Offshore from Convection over Western Kalimantan (Borneo) Island"},{"@value":"The Formation of Nocturnal Rainfall Offshore from Convection over Western Kalimantan (Borneo) Island(<Special Issue>The International Workshop on High-Resolution and Cloud Modeling, 2006)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681482079104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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