Presence of campylobacter and salmonella in sand from bathing beaches

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<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> spp. in 10/182 (6%). <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of <jats:italic>Campylobacter</jats:italic> spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species <jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. coli</jats:italic> were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, <jats:italic>C. lari</jats:italic> and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.</jats:p>

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