{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045167768832.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1073/pnas.1109444108"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1109444108"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Carbonates in the Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001 formed at 18 ± 4 °C in a near-surface aqueous environment"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Despite evidence for liquid water at the surface of Mars during the Noachian epoch, the temperature of early aqueous environments has been impossible to establish, raising questions of whether the surface of Mars was ever warmer than today. We address this problem by determining the precipitation temperature of secondary carbonate minerals preserved in the oldest known sample of Mars’ crust—the approximately 4.1 billion-year-old meteorite Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001). The formation environment of these carbonates, which are constrained to be slightly younger than the crystallization age of the rock (i.e., 3.9 to 4.0 billion years), has been poorly understood, hindering insight into the hydrologic and carbon cycles of earliest Mars. Using “clumped” isotope thermometry we find that the carbonates in ALH84001 precipitated at a temperature of approximately 18 °C, with water and carbon dioxide derived from the ancient Martian atmosphere. Furthermore, covarying carbonate carbon and oxygen isotope ratios are constrained to have formed at constant, low temperatures, pointing to deposition from a gradually evaporating, subsurface water body—likely a shallow aquifer (meters to tens of meters below the surface). Despite the mild temperatures, the apparently ephemeral nature of water in this environment leaves open the question of its habitability.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380576197015876864","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Itay Halevy"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380576197015876865","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Woodward W. Fischer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380576197015876866","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"John M. Eiler"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00278424"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10916490"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-10-03","prism:volume":"108","prism:number":"41","prism:startingPage":"16895","prism:endingPage":"16899"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1109444108"}],"createdAt":"2011-10-04","modifiedAt":"2024-04-13","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050307746540945536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Mars system revealed by the Martian Moons eXploration mission"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232184452736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A lower limit of atmospheric pressure on early Mars inferred from nitrogen and argon isotopic compositions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567185751455616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360568466003847168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Importance of Phobos Sample Return for Understanding the Mars-Moon System"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360568467936695808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rapid and Precise Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Clumped Isotopic Composition by Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Spectroscopy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092871511936","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Loss and Fractionation of Noble Gas Isotopes and Moderately Volatile Elements from Planetary Embryos and Early Venus, Earth and Mars"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092879513216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"EXAFS Determination of Clay Minerals in Martian Meteorite Allan Hills 84001 and Its Implication for the Noachian Aqueous Environment"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584339762429952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identification of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) in a Noachian Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584340695535488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Depletion of <sup>13</sup>C in CO in the Atmosphere of Mars Suggested by ExoMars-TGO/NOMAD Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380587684736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synthesis of 13C-depleted organic matter from CO in a reducing early Martian atmosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361131418259807872","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"In-situ preservation of nitrogen-bearing organics in Noachian Martian carbonates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204553930752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"High-spatial resolution U-Pb dating of phosphate minerals in Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.1109444108"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2343/geochemj.2.0319_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/maps.13242_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-020-00668-9_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.020_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-020-00701-x_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/min11020176_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01417-0_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118345_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/psj/acd32f_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41561-024-01443-z_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-020-15931-4_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04466_references_DOI_THUc3gJKS0I5S9FVPEUWGHGmarr"}]}