{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045196258304.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2000jb900336"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2000JB900336"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000JB900336"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Superplastic deformation of ice: Experimental observations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Creep experiments on fine‐grained ice reveal the existence of three creep regimes: (1) a dislocation creep regime, (2) a superplastic flow regime in which grain boundary sliding is an important deformation process, and (3) a basal slip creep regime in which the strain rate is limited by basal slip. Dislocation creep in ice is likely climb‐limited, is characterized by a stress exponent of 4.0, and is independent of grain size. Superplastic flow is characterized by a stress exponent of 1.8 and depends inversely on grain size to the 1.4 power. Basal slip limited creep is characterized by a stress exponent of 2.4 and is independent of grain size. A fourth creep mechanism, diffusional flow, which usually occurs at very low stresses, is inaccessible at practical laboratory strain rates even for our finest grain sizes of ∼3 μm. A constitutive equation based on these experimental results that includes flow laws for these four creep mechanisms is described. This equation is in excellent agreement with published laboratory creep data for coarse‐grained samples at high temperatures. Superplastic flow of ice is the rate‐limiting creep mechanism over a wide range of temperatures and grain sizes at stresses ≲0.1 MPa, conditions which overlap those occurring in glaciers, ice sheets, and icy planetary interiors.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004231357690254","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. L. Goldsby"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045196258304","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. L. Kohlstedt"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2001-06-10","prism:volume":"106","prism:number":"B6","prism:startingPage":"11017","prism:endingPage":"11030"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2000JB900336"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000JB900336"}],"createdAt":"2004-02-03","modifiedAt":"2023-09-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050291768349875840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effects of microparticles on deformation and microstructural evolution of fine-grained ice"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050306506452175488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Pluto's ocean is capped and insulated by gas hydrates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050869456407986688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Tidal deformation of Ganymede: Sensitivity of Love numbers on the interior structure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217477210112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Polymerization of Building Blocks of Life on Europa and Other Icy Moons"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229804451968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observations of grain size sensitive power law creep of olivine aggregates over a large range of lattice‐preferred orientation strength"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229809047168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice‐Covered Ocean Worlds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231357690752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Present State and Prospects of Ice Sheet and Glacier Modelling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232135255808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Superplasticity in hydrous melt-bearing dunite: Implications for shear localization in Earth’s upper mantle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236002417280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Comparison of microstructures in superplastically deformed synthetic materials and natural mylonites: Mineral aggregation via grain boundary sliding"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704785781760","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"One‐Dimensional Convective Thermal Evolution Calculation Using a Modified Mixing Length Theory: Application to Saturnian Icy Satellites"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707161138688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interior thermal state of Enceladus inferred from the viscoelastic state of the ice shell"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707301644288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The microstructure of polar ice. 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