{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045202911488.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2000gl003771"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2000GL003771"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000GL003771"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Evidence of long term global decline in the Earth's thermospheric densities apparently related to anthropogenic effects"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>A study was performed of the long‐term orbital decay of five Earth satellites with perigee altitudes averaging near 350km. To decouple long‐term trend measurements from the effects of solar variability, measurements were evaluated during the years of solar minimum (1976, 1986 and 1996). Atmospheric densities derived from these essentially global measurements showed substantial evidence of a decline averaging 9.8 ± 2.5% in thermospheric density over 20 years pointing toward a long‐term cooling of the upper atmosphere. Increases in greenhouse gases induced by human activity are hypothesized to warm the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, but strongly cool the upper atmosphere. Assuming that the 10% increase in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> over these 20 years caused cooling resulting in the 10% decline in density, a doubling of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> could cause the thermospheric densities measured near 350km to decrease by a factor of 3. This decrease may shrink the altitude of a constant density surface by 40km before the end of the 21<jats:sup>st</jats:sup> century.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567007856358042","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. M. Keating"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045202911489","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. H. Tolson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045202911488","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. S. Bradford"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2000-05-15","prism:volume":"27","prism:number":"10","prism:startingPage":"1523","prism:endingPage":"1526"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2000GL003771"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000GL003771"}],"createdAt":"2002-09-17","modifiedAt":"2023-09-23","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229801959296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Upper atmosphere cooling over the past 33 years"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142511795072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New Measurement of the Vertical Atmospheric Density Profile From Occultations of the Crab Nebula With X‐Ray Astronomy Satellites Suzaku and Hitomi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580230583927168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mechanisms for Zonal Mean Wind Responses in the Thermosphere to Doubled CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567494824960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geomagnetic Activity Effects on CO<sub>2</sub>‐Driven Trend in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere: Ideal Model Experiments With GAIA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417166183168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2000gl003771"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-015-0051-8_references_DOI_NFPwtAXkO1RVghPqpAFlCFb92Ep"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2014gl060591_references_DOI_NFPwtAXkO1RVghPqpAFlCFb92Ep"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020ja028886_references_DOI_NFPwtAXkO1RVghPqpAFlCFb92Ep"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022ja030643_references_DOI_NFPwtAXkO1RVghPqpAFlCFb92Ep"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020ja028607_references_DOI_NFPwtAXkO1RVghPqpAFlCFb92Ep"}]}