{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045437538432.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.h244"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.H244"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Quantitative beat-to-beat analysis of heart rate dynamics during exercise"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p> Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) dynamics were studied by plotting each R-R interval as a function of the previous R-R interval (Poincare plot) during incremental doses of atropine followed by exercise for 10 subjects and during exercise without autonomic blockade for 31 subjects. A quantitative two-dimensional vector analysis of a Poincare plot was used by measuring separately the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1) and the standard deviation of continuous long-term R-R interval variability (SD2) as well as the SD1/SD2 ratio. Quantitative Poincare measures were compared with linear measures of HR variability (HRV) and with approximate entropy (ApEn) at rest and during exercise. A linear progressive reduction was observed in SD1 during atropine administration, and it remained almost at the zero level during exercise after a parasympathetic blockade. Atropine resulted in more variable changes in SD2 and the SD1/SD2 ratio, but during exercise after parasympathetic blockade, a progressive increase was observed in the SD1/SD2 ratio until the end of exercise. The SD1/SD2 ratio had no significant correlations with the frequency domain measures of HRV. However, the SD1/SD2 ratio had a modest correlation with ApEn at rest (r = -0.69, P < 0.001), but not during exercise (r = 0.27, P = NS). All measures of vagal modulation of HR decreased progressively until the ventilatory threshold level was reached, when sympathetic activation was reflected as changes in the SD1/SD2 ratio. These results show that quantitative two-dimensional vector analysis of a Poincare plot can provide useful information on vagal modulation of R-R interval dynamics during exercise that are not easily detected by linear summary measures of HRV or by ApEn. </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861707155495812","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. P. Tulppo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Merikoski Rehabilitation and Research Center, University of Oulu,Finland."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045437538436","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. H. Makikallio"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Merikoski Rehabilitation and Research Center, University of Oulu,Finland."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045437538434","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. E. Takala"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Merikoski Rehabilitation and Research Center, University of Oulu,Finland."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045437538435","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Seppanen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Merikoski Rehabilitation and Research Center, University of Oulu,Finland."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137045437538433","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. V. Huikuri"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Merikoski Rehabilitation and Research Center, University of Oulu,Finland."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03636135"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15221539"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Physiological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1996-07-01","prism:volume":"271","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"H244","prism:endingPage":"H252"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.H244"}],"createdAt":"2017-12-21","modifiedAt":"2019-09-08","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142442017152","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Poincaré Plot Area of Gamma-Band EEG as a Measure of Emergence From Inhalational General Anesthesia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707155495936","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Detection and categorization of severe cardiac disorders based solely on heart period measurements"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390306200182963840","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"座位-立位での姿勢変化及び施設間による心拍変動指標の精度評価"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Precision of Various Indices of Heart Rate Variability in Sitting and Upright Positions and Between the Two Groups"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ザイ-リツイ デ ノ シセイ ヘンカ オヨビ シセツ カン ニ ヨル シンパク ヘンドウ シヒョウ ノ セイド ヒョウカ"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.h244"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3389/fphys.2021.627088_references_DOI_SefAKCi10mrR304dFXfMMjnAzHa"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1541/ieejeiss.145.935_references_DOI_SefAKCi10mrR304dFXfMMjnAzHa"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-022-21260-x_references_DOI_SefAKCi10mrR304dFXfMMjnAzHa"}]}