{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137046266016512.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833d01dd"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833d01dd"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"20625317"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A new-generation N/L-type calcium channel blocker leads to less activation of the renin–angiotensin system compared with conventional L type calcium channel blocker"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Calcium channel blocker (CCB) is one of the most useful antihypertensive agents. However, the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an unfavorable characteristic. N-type calcium channel is thought to be involved in catecholamine's release. Accordingly, N/L-type CCB has a probability of less activation of the RAS. We substantiated the hypothesis that N/L-type CCB, cilnidipine, leads to less activation of the RAS compared with conventional L-type CCB, amlodipine.Randomized, cross-over study.Outpatient study.Participants were 110 hypertensive patients [male/female 46/64, age 66.3 ± 10.8 years, systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 161.8 ± 16.9/92.9 ± 12.4 mmHg, s-Cr 0.77 ± 0.32 mg/dl, plasma renin activity (PRA) 0.65 ± 0.63 ng/ml per h, angiotensin I (AngI) 70.5 ± 77.3 pg/ml, angiotensin II (AngII) 5.2 ± 3.9 pg/ml, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) 76.3 ± 35.9 pg/ml, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) 108.1 ± 284.2 mg/gCr]. Amlodipine besilate or cilnidipine was administered for 12 weeks in a cross-over manner as a monotherapy with an intention-to-treat fashion by titrating doses. Final doses of amlodipine besilate and cilnidipine were 6.6 ± 2.7 and 13.7 ± 5.1 mg/day, respectively.Changes in blood pressure, PRA, AngI, AngII, PAC, UAE of baseline and each end of amlodipine besilate and cilnidipine administration.Results were as follows (amlodipine vs. cilnidipine): SBP/DBP (mmHg): 135.2 ± 11.7/79.8 ± 9.6 vs. 136.7 ± 13.2/79.5 ± 10.9, P = 0.22/0.74; PRA (ng/ml per h): 1.16 ± 1.03 vs. 0.95 ± 0.78, P0.01; AngI (pg/ml): 155.0 ± 306.4 vs. 101.8 ± 92.0, P0.05; AngII (pg/ml): 12.0 ± 12.3 vs. 7.1 ± 4.5, P0.001; PAC (pg/ml): 81.6 ± 37.9 vs. 74.3 ± 36.2, P0.05; UAE (mg/gCr): 145.4 ± 424.5 vs. 58.8 ± 125.1, P0.05. Thus, in spite of the comparable blood pressure reductions, each level of components of the RAS at cilnidipine administration was significantly lower than those at amlodipine. Apart from this, UAE at cilnidipine administration was also significantly lower than that at amlodipine.It is suggested that cilnidipine leads to less activation of the RAS compared with amlodipine for the first time in human clinical patients and therefore cilnidipine might be expected to be superior in organ protection in addition to the antialbuminuric effect."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016514","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tadashi Konoshita"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016384","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yasukazu Makino"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016385","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tomoko Kimura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016387","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Miki Fujii"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016512","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shigeyuki Wakahara"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016386","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kenichiro Arakawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016388","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Isao Inoki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016389","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroyuki Nakamura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046266016513","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Isamu Miyamori"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"02636352"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Hypertension"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-10","prism:volume":"28","prism:number":"10","prism:startingPage":"2156","prism:endingPage":"2160"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833d01dd"}],"createdAt":"2010-07-12","modifiedAt":"2021-05-24","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Male","dc:title":"Male"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Dihydropyridines","dc:title":"Dihydropyridines"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cross-Over%20Studies","dc:title":"Cross-Over Studies"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Dose-Response%20Relationship,%20Drug","dc:title":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Angiotensin%20II","dc:title":"Angiotensin II"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Blood%20Pressure","dc:title":"Blood Pressure"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Middle%20Aged","dc:title":"Middle Aged"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Calcium%20Channel%20Blockers","dc:title":"Calcium Channel Blockers"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Renin-Angiotensin%20System","dc:title":"Renin-Angiotensin System"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Hypertension","dc:title":"Hypertension"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Renin","dc:title":"Renin"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Albuminuria","dc:title":"Albuminuria"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Humans","dc:title":"Humans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Female","dc:title":"Female"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Amlodipine","dc:title":"Amlodipine"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Angiotensin%20I","dc:title":"Angiotensin I"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Aldosterone","dc:title":"Aldosterone"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Aged","dc:title":"Aged"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050013397240361344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Calcium channel blocker in patients with chronic kidney disease"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564285904415744","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A crossover comparison of urinary albumin excretion as a new surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease among 4 types of calcium channel blockers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183612417536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the top of ARB N/L type Ca channel blocker leads to less elevation of aldosterone"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567187530877312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Genetic Variant in the Distal Enhancer Region of the Human Renin Gene Affects Renin Expression"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567189445395072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"L/N-Type Calcium Channel Blocker Cilnidipine Added to  Renin-Angiotensin Inhibition Improves Ambulatory Blood Pressure Profile and Suppresses Cardiac Hypertrophy in Hypertension with Chronic Kidney Disease"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640402454400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Do Genetic Variants of the Renin-Angiotensin System Predict Blood Pressure Response to Renin-Angiotensin System–Blocking Drugs? A Systematic Review of Pharmacogenomics in the Renin-Angiotensin System"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848661259233024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Involvement of N-type Ca<sup>2+</sup>channels in the fibrotic process of the kidney in rats"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848664142140288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Design and Rationale of the Study of Assessment for Kidney Function by Urinary Microalbumin in Randomized (SAKURA) Trial"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680156872960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"N-type Calcium Channel Inhibition With Cilnidipine Elicits Glomerular Podocyte Protection Independent of Sympathetic Nerve Inhibition"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833d01dd"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::b30fb5929d347f8c24a2af80445f158a"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1254/jphs.12075fp_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10157-021-02153-1_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1042/bsr20160129_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1371/journal.pone.0137469_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/ijms140816866_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11906-011-0212-0_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1152/ajprenal.00561.2012_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3109/10641963.2010.549271_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.133_references_DOI_Tfc0b3SRqt0rpwuJPDcYHKU4lV9"}]}