{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137046539672832.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jas3534.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/62/9/3051/3482908/jas3534_1.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A Multimoment Bulk Microphysics Parameterization. Part I: Analysis of the Role of the Spectral Shape Parameter"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>With increasing computer power, explicit microphysics schemes are becoming increasingly important in atmospheric models. Many schemes have followed the approach of Kessler in which one moment of the hydrometeor size distribution, proportional to the mass content, is predicted. More recently, the two-moment method has been introduced in which both the mass and the total number concentration of the hydrometeor categories are independently predicted.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In bulk schemes, the size spectrum of each hydrometeor category is often described by a three-parameter gamma distribution function, N(D) = N0Dαe−λD. Two-moment schemes generally treat N0 and λ as prognostic parameters while holding α constant. In this paper, the role of the spectral shape parameter, α, is investigated by examining its effects on sedimentation and microphysical growth rates. An approach is introduced for a two-moment scheme where α is allowed to vary diagnostically as a function of the mean-mass diameter. Comparisons are made between calculations using various bulk approaches—a one-moment, a two-moment, and a three-moment method—and an analytic bin model. It is found that the size-sorting mechanism, which exists in a bulk scheme when different fall velocities are applied to advect the different predicted moments, is significantly different amongst the schemes. The shape parameter plays an important role in determining the rate of size sorting. Likewise, instantaneous growth rates related to the moments are shown to be significantly affected by this parameter.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380285532879603987","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. A. Milbrandt"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, and Recherche en Prévision Numérique, Meteorological Service of Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381137046539672833","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. K. Yau"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200469"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00224928"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005-09-01","prism:volume":"62","prism:number":"9","prism:startingPage":"3051","prism:endingPage":"3064"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/62/9/3051/3482908/jas3534_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2005-10-05","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282198237824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Assessing the impact of the recent warming in the East China Sea on a torrential rain event in northern Kyushu (Japan) in early July 2017"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360023720970200320","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Simulation of marine stratocumulus using the super-droplet method: numerical convergence and comparison to a double-moment bulk scheme using SCALE-SDM 5.2.6-2.3.1"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025033654477056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sensitivity of localized heavy rainfall in Northern Japan to WRF physics parameterization schemes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025430649085824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Improvement of a Single‐Moment Cloud Microphysics Scheme Consistent With Dual‐Polarization Radar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286993150557952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Confronting the Challenge of Modeling Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757411718912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Parameterization and Explicit Modeling of Cloud Microphysics: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360305500207487232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A methodology to estimate Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) under climate change using a numerical weather model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183242736128","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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