{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361412889333415552.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/adma.201907167"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fadma.201907167"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201907167"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/adma.201907167"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/adma.201907167"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201907167"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"32080936"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Superatomic Gallium Clusters in Dendrimers: Unique Rigidity and Reactivity Depending on their Atomicity"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Superatoms have been investigated due to their possible substitution for other elements. The solution‐phase synthesis of superatoms has attracted attention to realize the availability of superatoms. However, the previous approach is basically limited to the formation of a single cluster. Here, superatoms are investigated and the number of valence electrons in these superatoms is changed by designing the number of gallium atoms present. Based on the dendrimer template method, clusters consisting of 3, 12, 13, and other numbers of atoms have been synthesized. The halogen‐like superatomic nature of Ga<jats:sub>13</jats:sub> is structurally and electrochemically observed as completely different to the other clusters. The gallium clusters of 13 and 3 atoms, which can fill the 2P and 1P superatomic orbitals, respectively, exhibit different reactivities. The 3‐atom gallium cluster is suggested as being reduced to Ga<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup> due to the lower shift of energy levels in the unoccupied orbitals. The results for these gallium clusters provide candidates for superatoms.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276158845952","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00733495"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000733495"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413750862"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398144440"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000390928778"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242087417"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283393581"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/kambe"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tetsuya Kambe"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 Japan"},{"@value":"ERATO Japan Science and Technology (JST)  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412889333415681","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Aiko Watanabe"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412889333415425","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Meijia Li"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 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Japan Science and Technology (JST)  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 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Imaoka"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 Japan"},{"@value":"ERATO Japan Science and Technology (JST)  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 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Yamamoto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 Japan"},{"@value":"ERATO Japan Science and Technology (JST)  4259 Nagatsutacho Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8503 Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09359648"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15214095"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Advanced Materials"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2020-02-21","prism:volume":"32","prism:number":"14","prism:startingPage":"1907167"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am","http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fadma.201907167"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201907167"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/adma.201907167"},{"@id":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/adma.201907167"},{"@id":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201907167"}],"createdAt":"2020-02-21","modifiedAt":"2025-10-06","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781965902976","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17K05804"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17K05804"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K05804/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"鋳型デンドリマーを用いた典型金属クラスターの精密合成と超原子機能の開拓"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of superatomic functionality through precisely controlled synthesis of typical metal cluster using dendrimer templates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782022487552","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"19K15583"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP19K15583"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K15583/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"デンドリマーを基盤とした細胞型ナノ物質の創成およびその集合体の協奏機能開拓"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Creation of cell-like nanomaterials based on dendrimer and development of concerted functions of their assembly"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782440002560","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05757"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05757"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15H05757/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"精密無機合成を基盤とする超原子の創成と機能解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Creation of Superatoms Based on the Precision Inorganic Synthesis and Elucidation of its Function"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256990992256","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"19H02535"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP19H02535"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19H02535/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"動的金属ナノ粒子の機構解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Mechanistic investigation of dynamic metal nanoparticles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040566775676821120","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20K05538"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20K05538"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20K05538/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"14族および15族典型元素を利用した機能超原子クラスターの開拓"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of functional superatomic clusters with group 14 or group 15 elements"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760779287040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A gold superatom with 10 electrons in Au[13](PPh[3])[8](p-SC[6]H[4]CO[2]H)[3]"},{"@value":"A gold superatom with 10 electrons in Au<sub>13</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(<i>p</i>-SC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>3</sub>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216618539136","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Precision Synthesis of Subnanoparticles Using Dendrimers as a Superatom Synthesizer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216822849408","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Platinum clusters with precise numbers of atoms for preparative-scale 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The Role of Superatoms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618712316160","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Phenylazomethine Dendrimer with a Tetraphenylmethane Core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619384879744","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synthesis, Structure, and Oxidation of Donor‐Stabilized Gallium(<scp>I</scp>) Iodide: Ga<sub>8</sub>I<sub>8</sub>·6PEt<sub>3</sub>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619774366080","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"[Ga18(SitBu3)8] and [Ga22(SitBu3)8]—Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Novel Gallium Cluster Compounds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620531635072","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Designer magnetic superatoms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621603000064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Successive Fragmentation of a Structurally Characterized Metalloid Cluster Anion in the Gas Phase: [Ga<sub>13</sub>(GaR)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>—</sup> → ··· → [Ga<sub>13</sub>]<sup>—</sup> + 6 GaR (R = C(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094167051136","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Metalloid [Ga<sub>23</sub>{N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>11</sub>] Cluster: The Jellium Model Put to Test"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094280767872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalysts: The Frontier between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095644749312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Formation of Al\n            <sub>13</sub>\n            I\n            <sup>-</sup>\n            : Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al\n            <sub>13</sub>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096079312512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interaction of Ga3 cluster with molecular hydrogen: combined DFT and CCSD(T) theoretical study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096377340032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Exploring Structural Diversity and Fluxionality of Pt<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<i>n</i> = 10–13) Clusters from First-Principles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568473239040","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ga<sub>24</sub>Br<sub>18</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>: A Highly Symmetrical Metalloid Cluster and Its One‐Dimensional Arrangement in the Crystalline State as a Model for the Photoconductivity of Solid GaSe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568819793408","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Monitoring the dissolution process of metals in the gas phase: reactions of nanoscale Al and Ga metal atom clusters and their relationship to similar metalloid clusters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569272792576","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Super‐atom properties of 13 atom clusters of group 13 elements"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569685569792","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geometrically induced melting variation in gallium clusters from first principles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570397250560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synthesis and Structure of an Anionic Ga26R8 Cluster with a Metalloid Core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570503830400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Al Cluster Superatoms as Halogens in Polyhalides and as Alkaline Earths in Iodide Salts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855571317117312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Existence of Designer Magnetic Superatoms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707353490816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Atom hybridization of metallic elements: Emergence of subnano metallurgy for the post-nanotechnology"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707382594816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Controlled Synthesis of Au25 Superatom Using a Dendrimer Template"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865816801939072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dendrimer-induced synthesis of subnano materials and their characterization: establishing atom hybrid science"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360869855110395904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synthesis of atom-precise supported metal clusters <i>via</i> solid-phase peptide synthesis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045002788992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers:  from Synthesis to Applications"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045189098496","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Metalloid Aluminum and Gallium Clusters: Element Modifications on the Molecular Scale?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519523362304","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetic Superatoms in VLi<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<i>n</i> = 1–13) Clusters: A First-Principles Prediction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520347588992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ga19(C(SiMe3)3)6− as a precursor for pure and silicon-doped gallium clusters: a mass spectrometric study of a Ga13− and a Ga12Si− anion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520670446464","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dendrimer-Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications to Catalysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995775744896","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of a Molecular Metalloid Ga<sub>19</sub> Cluster Anion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469217960320","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Throwing jellium at gallium—a systematic superatom analysis of metalloid gallium clusters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471101476096","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"From Elements to Clusters: The Periodic Table 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