{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361412891904487552.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102666"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0047248418302392?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0047248418302392?httpAccept=text/plain"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"31499455"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Studies of the australopith (Australopithecus and Paranthropus) proximal femur have increasingly integrated information from the local arrangement of the cortical and cancellous bone to allow functional-biomechanical inferences on the locomotor behavioral patterns. In Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus, the cancellous bone organization at the center of the femoral head shows principal strut orientation similar to that of fossil and recent humans, which indicates that australopiths were human-like in many aspects of their bipedalism. However, by combining outer morphology with superoinferior asymmetry in cortical bone thickness at the base of neck and mid-neck, it has been suggested that, while adapted for terrestrial bipedality, australopiths displayed a slightly altered gait kinematics compared to Homo. We used techniques of 2D and 3D virtual imaging applied to an X-ray microtomographic record to assess cortical bone distribution along the entire femoral neck compartment in four upper femora from Swartkrans, South Africa (SK 82, SK 97, SK 3121, and SWT1/LB-2) and compared the results to the extant human and chimpanzee conditions. Our results support and extend previous evidence for more symmetric superior and inferior femoral neck cortical thicknesses in P. robustus than in modern humans and show that the differences are even greater than previously reported. However, P. robustus and humans still share a trend of lateral-to-medial decrease in asymmetry of the superior/inferior cortical thickness ratio, while this pattern is reversed in chimpanzees. We also identified two features uniquely characterizing P. robustus: an accentuated contrast between the relatively thicker anterior and the thinner posterior walls, and a more marked lateral-to-medial thinning of both cortices compared to extant humans and chimpanzees, which indicate wider interspecific differences among hominids in structural organization of the proximal femur than previously reported. It remains to be ascertained if, and to what extent, these features also characterize the femoral neck of Australopithecus."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487553","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marine Cazenave"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487559","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"José Braga"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487555","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anna Oettlé"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487552","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Travis Rayne Pickering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487556","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jason L. Heaton"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276169176448","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00227828"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000227828"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0002-6897-8027"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA13642292"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13642292#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA13642292"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000318590164"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391967278"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000024825574"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000300220057"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022882345"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021478729"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000107387885"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021575477"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000300211804"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023382746"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237883050"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000367040144"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021379090"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023685468"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237915459"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000381461347"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000345192302"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023922085"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413779164"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0033069"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masato Nakatsukasa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487680","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Francis Thackeray"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487554","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Frikkie de Beer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487681","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jakobus Hoffman"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487682","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jean Dumoncel"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381412891904487558","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Roberto Macchiarelli"}]}],"contributor":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895810","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS) ; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895680","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of Pretoria [South Africa]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895685","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"South African Nuclear Energy Corporation [Pretoria] (NECSA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895693","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kyoto University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895692","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895689","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers (UP)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895687","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS) ; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895688","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université de Poitiers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893398393005895683","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kyoto University [Kyoto]"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00472484"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Human Evolution"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-10","prism:volume":"135","prism:startingPage":"102666"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license","http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0047248418302392?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0047248418302392?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2019-09-06","modifiedAt":"2025-09-23","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Male","dc:title":"Male"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Functional%20morphology","dc:title":"Functional morphology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Femur%20Neck","dc:title":"Femur Neck"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Fossils","dc:title":"Fossils"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cortical%20bone","dc:title":"Cortical bone"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Hominidae","dc:title":"Hominidae"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Hominin%20biomechanics","dc:title":"Hominin biomechanics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Biomechanical%20Phenomena","dc:title":"Biomechanical Phenomena"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=South%20Africa","dc:title":"South Africa"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=X-ray%20microtomography","dc:title":"X-ray microtomography"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=GN","dc:title":"GN"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cortical%20Bone","dc:title":"Cortical Bone"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Animals","dc:title":"Animals"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Female","dc:title":"Female"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BSDU.STU.PG%5DSciences%20of%20the%20Universe%20%5Bphysics%5D/Earth%20Sciences/Paleontology","dc:title":"[SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Gait","dc:title":"Gait"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781896650880","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H02757"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H02757"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16H02757/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"発掘調査から解明する人類・アフリカ類人猿系統と旧世界ザルの競合進化"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Competitive evolution of the human-African ape clade and cercopithecid revealed from fossil excavation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781953224320","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17F17394"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17F17394"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17F17394/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"系統種間比較法による類人猿・人類後肢骨の進化モデル構築"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050586731667437824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Femoral neck cortical bone distribution in Nacholapithecus from the Middle Miocene of Kenya"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218437984768","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Pelvis and Femur of<i>Ardipithecus ramidus</i>: The Emergence of Upright Walking"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143535162112","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Are bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>) really more bipedal than chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>)?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143671476480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The history and composition of the Raymond A. 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