{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418518821664512.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/angeo-22-1773-2004"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/22/1773/2004/angeo-22-1773-2004.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"On the propagation of bubbles in the geomagnetic tail"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the propagation of low-entropy magnetic flux tubes (\"bubbles\") in the magnetotail. Our simulations address fundamental properties of the propagation and dynamics of such flux tubes rather than the actual formation process. We find that the early evolution, after a sudden reduction of pressure and entropy on a localized flux tube, is governed by re-establishing the balance of the total pressure in the dawn-dusk and north-south directions through compression on a time scale less than about 20s for the typical magnetotail. The compression returns the equatorial pressure to its original unperturbed value, due to the fact that the magnetic field contributes only little to the total pressure, while farther away from the equatorial plane the magnetic field compression dominates. As a consequence the pressure is no longer constant along a flux tube. The subsequent evolution is characterized by earthward propagation at speeds of the order of 200-400km/s, depending on the initial amount of depletion and the cross-tail extent of a bubble. Simple acceleration without depletion does not lead to significant earthward propagation. It hence seems that both the entropy reduction and the plasma acceleration play an important role in the generation of fast plasma flows and their propagation into the near tail. Earthward moving bubbles are found to be associated with field-aligned current systems, directed earthward on the dawnward edge and tailward on the duskward edge. This is consistent with current systems attributed to observed bursty bulk flows and their auroral effects.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; magnetotail; plasma sheet)nguage:\n                    </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142594232192","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Birn"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418518821664516","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Raeder"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418518821664513","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. L. Wang"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418518821664514","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. A. Wolf"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418518821664512","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Hesse"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14320576"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Annales Geophysicae"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-04-08","prism:volume":"22","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"1773","prism:endingPage":"1786"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/22/1773/2004/angeo-22-1773-2004.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2010-06-15","modifiedAt":"2021-01-28","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001338210505600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Substorm simulation: Quiet and N-S arcs preceding auroral breakup"},{"@value":"Substorm simulation: Quiet and N‐S arcs preceding auroral breakup"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564288163925760","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Simulation study of near-Earth space disturbances: 2. Auroral substorms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564288163926784","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Energy flow exciting field-aligned current at substorm expansion onset"},{"@value":"Energy Flow Exciting Field‐Aligned Current at Substorm Expansion Onset"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050572512051726464","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evolution of auroral substorm as viewed from MHD simulations: dynamics, energy transfer and energy conversion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760748973440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Substorm simulation: Formation of westward traveling surge"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050859073008347136","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Generation of Field-Aligned Currents During Substorm Expansion: An Update"},{"@value":"Generation of Field‐Aligned Currents During Substorm Expansion: An Update"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142594231552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Quiescent Discrete Auroral Arcs: A Review of Magnetospheric Generator Mechanisms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704777341696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coordinated SuperDARN THEMIS ASI observations of mesoscale flow bursts associated with auroral streamers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708266959104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Energetic particle injections to geostationary orbit: Relationship to flow bursts and magnetospheric state"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360849943103208576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical Study on Electron and Ion Temperatures in the Near‐Earth Reconnection and Magnetic Pileup Regions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865815681318144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cross-Scale Processes of Magnetic Reconnection"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/angeo-22-1773-2004"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2015ja021697_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-019-0619-5_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2013ja019245_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2012ja017773_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022ja031011_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2015ja021831_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-019-0273-2_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2017ja024294_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s41614-019-0037-x_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019gl084837_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-023-01010-9_references_DOI_V2pyh48ZosEwzXnrsnbPx9tGLge"}]}