{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519209960448.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.1174760"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1174760"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>All Together Now</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Deciding how to change emissions of polluting gases that affect climate through their radiative forcing properties requires that the quantitative impact of these emissions be understood. Most past calculations of this type have considered only the radiative forcing of the specific emission and its atmospheric lifetime.\n            <jats:bold>\n              Shindell\n              <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>\n            </jats:bold>\n            (p.\n            <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"716\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"326\" xlink:href=\"10.1126/science.1174760\">716</jats:related-article>\n            ; see the Perspectives by\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"5953\" page=\"672\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"326\" xlink:href=\"10.1126/science.1181568\">\n                <jats:bold>\n                  Arneth\n                  <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>\n                </jats:bold>\n              </jats:related-article>\n            </jats:bold>\n            and by\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"5953\" page=\"674\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"326\" xlink:href=\"10.1126/science.1176064\">\n                <jats:bold>Parrish and Zhu</jats:bold>\n              </jats:related-article>\n            </jats:bold>\n            ) use sophisticated atmospheric chemical and climate modeling to determine how gas-aerosol interactions affect the radiative properties of the atmosphere, finding significant departures from the standard method for emissions of methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. These findings should help to optimize strategies for mitigating global warming by reducing anthropogenic emissions.\n          </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519209960451","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Drew T. Shindell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519209960448","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Greg Faluvegi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519209960449","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dorothy M. Koch"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519209960450","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gavin A. Schmidt"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519209960452","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nadine Unger"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519209960453","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Susanne E. Bauer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2009-10-30","prism:volume":"326","prism:number":"5953","prism:startingPage":"716","prism:endingPage":"718"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1174760"}],"createdAt":"2009-10-29","modifiedAt":"2024-01-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001338804870016","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Enhancement of aerosol responses to changes in emissions over East Asia by gas-oxidant-aerosol coupling and 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