{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519320856704.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2007jd008510"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2007JD008510"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007JD008510"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>We analyzed a new data set of 54 high‐quality homogenized daily maximum temperature series from western Europe (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom) to define more accurately the change in extreme warm Daily Summer Maximum Temperature (DSMT). Results from the daily temperature homogeneity analysis suggest that many instrumental measurements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were warm‐biased. Correcting for these biases, over the period 1880 to 2005 the length of summer heat waves over western Europe has doubled and the frequency of hot days has almost tripled. The DSMT Probability Density Function (PDF) shows significant changes in the mean (+1.6 ± 0.4°C) and variance (+6 ± 2%). These conclusions help further the evidence that western Europe's climate has become more extreme than previously thought and that the hypothesized increase in variance of future summer temperature has indeed been a reality over the last 126 years.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817686658816","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. M. Della‐Marta"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Geography University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"@value":"Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich Switzerland"},{"@value":"Bureau of Meteorology National Climate Centre Melbourne Australia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519320856706","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. R. Haylock"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Climatic Research Unit University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519320856832","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Luterbacher"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Geography University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"@value":"National Center of Competence in Research on Climate (NCCR) Bern Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519320856704","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Wanner"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Geography University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"@value":"National Center of Competence in Research on Climate (NCCR) Bern Switzerland"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2007-08-03","prism:volume":"112","prism:number":"D15","prism:startingPage":"15103"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2007JD008510"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007JD008510"}],"createdAt":"2007-08-02","modifiedAt":"2025-01-20","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390565134840701568","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"What Caused the Extraordinarily Hot 2018 Summer in Korea?"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"何が2018年夏の韓国の猛暑をもたらしたか？"},{"@value":"Special Edition on Extreme Rainfall Events in 2017 and 2018 : What Caused the Extraordinarily Hot 2018 Summer in Korea?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266966353280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Role of soil moisture-atmosphere feedback during high temperature events in 2002 over Northeast Eurasia"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2007jd008510"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-018-0195-4_references_DOI_RC2qTMN7ngixHpJDUTQVYX6p59x"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-009_references_DOI_RC2qTMN7ngixHpJDUTQVYX6p59x"}]}