{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519635528064.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1177/0748730408323089"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0748730408323089"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Sensitivity of the Human Circadian System to Short-Wavelength (420-nm) Light"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p> The circadian and neurobehavioral effects of light are primarily mediated by a retinal ganglion cell photoreceptor in the mammalian eye containing the photopigment melanopsin. Nine action spectrum studies using rodents, monkeys, and humans for these responses indicate peak sensitivities in the blue region of the visible spectrum ranging from 459 to 484 nm, with some disagreement in short-wavelength sensitivity of the spectrum. The aim of this work was to quantify the sensitivity of human volunteers to monochromatic 420-nm light for plasma melatonin suppression. Adult female ( n = 14) and male ( n = 12) subjects participated in 2 studies, each employing a within-subjects design. In a fluence-response study, subjects ( n = 8) were tested with 8 light irradiances at 420 nm ranging over a 4-log unit photon density range of 10<jats:sup>10</jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>14</jats:sup> photons/cm<jats:sup> 2</jats:sup>/sec and 1 dark exposure control night. In the other study, subjects ( n = 18) completed an experiment comparing melatonin suppression with equal photon doses (1.21 × 10<jats:sup>13</jats:sup> photons/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/sec) of 420 nm and 460 nm monochromatic light and a dark exposure control night. The first study demonstrated a clear fluence-response relationship between 420-nm light and melatonin suppression ( p < 0.001) with a half-saturation constant of 2.74 × 10<jats:sup>11</jats:sup> photons/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/sec. The second study showed that 460-nm light is significantly stronger than 420-nm light for suppressing melatonin ( p < 0.04). Together, the results clarify the visible short-wavelength sensitivity of the human melatonin suppression action spectrum. This basic physiological finding may be useful for optimizing lighting for therapeutic and other applications. </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528067","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"George C. Brainard"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528194","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David Sliney"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laser/Optical Radiation Program, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Consulting Medical Physicist, 406 Streamside Drive, Fallston, MD 21047-2806"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528192","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"John P. Hanifin"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528064","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gena Glickman"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528066","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Brenda Byrne"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528193","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jeffrey M. Greeson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Duke Integrative Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 102904, Durham, NC 27710"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528068","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Samar Jasser"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street, 2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528069","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Edward Gerner"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418519635528065","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mark D. Rollag"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"07487304"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15524531"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Biological Rhythms"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"SAGE Publications"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-10","prism:volume":"23","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"379","prism:endingPage":"386"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0748730408323089"}],"createdAt":"2008-10-06","modifiedAt":"2025-03-01","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050015333084579968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Comprehensive assessment of the impact of life habits on sleep disturbance, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness among high-school students"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142608984576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Which sleep hygiene factors are important? comprehensive assessment of lifestyle habits and job environment on sleep among office workers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285714181830272","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Association between light exposure at night and nighttime blood pressure in the elderly independent of nocturnal urinary melatonin excretion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567184436569472","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of Cataract Opacity and Surgery on Sleep Quality"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848661729633024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of blue pulsed light on human physiological functions and subjective evaluation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848661779030400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effect of simultaneous exposure to extremely short pulses of blue and green light on human pupillary constriction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361975841381898496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chronotype and Performance in Students"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1177/0748730408323089"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.011_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.001_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3109/07420528.2014.900501_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/1880-6805-31-23_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40101-016-0109-3_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/b978-0-12-816658-1.00002-8_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1089/rej.2016.1907_references_DOI_aN0axjzZbQXoqyQ4emsxzRVyf1v"}]}