{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520912424832.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.jastp.2014.01.005"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364682614000121?httpAccept=text/plain"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364682614000121?httpAccept=text/xml"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Energetics of persistent turbulent layers underneath mid-level clouds estimated from concurrent radar and radiosonde data"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Two Japanese-French field campaigns devoted to studying small-scale turbulence and instabilities in the lower atmosphere were conducted in September 2011 and November 2012 at the Shigaraki Middle and Upper atmosphere (MU) Observatory (34.85°N, 136.15°E; Japan). The Very High Frequency Middle and Upper atmosphere radar (MUR) was operated with a time resolution of the order of 10 s in range imaging mode allowing echo power measurements at fine range-resolutions (typically, a few tens of meters). In addition, balloons instrumented with RS92G Vaisala radiosondes were launched from the observatory during the radar operations. From the raw data of temperature, pressure and humidity, temperature turbulent layers can be identified from the detection of overturns by using the Thorpe method (1977). During the two campaigns, both radar and balloon data revealed turbulent layers of about 1.0 km in depth, underneath mid-level clouds and meteorological frontal zones. They persisted for about 10 hours in the radar data. The balloon data collected were undoubtedly representative of the conditions met by the radar. Turbulence parameters associated with stably stratified flows were tentatively estimated by using different methods involving both radar and balloon observations for 4 balloon flights. These parameters included the Thorpe, buoyancy, and Ozmidov scales LT, LB and LO, potential and kinetic turbulent energies TPE and TKE, potential kinetic energy dissipation rates ϵP and ϵK and tubulent diffusivities Kθ. The turbulence scales were found to be consistent between each other within a factor of about 2. Energy dissipation rates of 0.6 mW/kg were found for 3 cases and 0.06 mW/kg for one case."}]},{"notation":[{"@value":"International audience"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236854015105","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Wilson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418520912424834","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Luce"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418520912424833","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Hashiguchi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418520912424832","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Nishi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381418520912424836","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Yabuki"}]}],"contributor":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892553967563515906","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH) ; Kyoto University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892553967563515904","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"STRATO - LATMOS ; Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892553967563515905","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre (LSEET) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892553967563515913","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Division of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science ; Kyoto University [Kyoto]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892553967563515909","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Division of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science ; Kyoto University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892553967563515914","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH) ; Kyoto University [Kyoto]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205381","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cardon, Catherine"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205376","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205383","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"STRATO - LATMOS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205378","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205380","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre (LSEET)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205377","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205384","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205379","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kyoto University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890866215837205382","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Division of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"13646826"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-10","prism:volume":"118","prism:startingPage":"78","prism:endingPage":"89"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364682614000121?httpAccept=text/plain"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1364682614000121?httpAccept=text/xml"}],"createdAt":"2014-01-18","modifiedAt":"2019-11-03","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BPHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH%5DPhysics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Physics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Physics%20%5Bphysics.ao-ph%5D","dc:title":"[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Atmospheric%20turbulence","dc:title":"Atmospheric turbulence"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=In%20situ%20measurements","dc:title":"In situ measurements"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Atmospheric%20radar","dc:title":"Atmospheric radar"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BPHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH%5D%20Physics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Physics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Physics%20%5Bphysics.ao-ph%5D","dc:title":"[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=532","dc:title":"532"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050004953482844544","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Atmospheric Kelvin-Helmholtz b illows captured by the MU radar, lidars and a fish-eye camera"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810825958912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient M[2]; 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