{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993443281024.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/lary.20027"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Flary.20027"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lary.20027"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Endoscopic endonasal surgery for petrous apex lesions"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:</jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the ventral skull base are categorized based on their orientation in coronal and sagittal planes. For all of these approaches, the sphenoid sinus is the starting point, and provides orientation to important vascular and neural structures. Surgical approaches to the petrous apex include 1) a medial approach, 2) a medial approach with internal carotid artery (ICA) lateralization, and 3) a transpterygoid infrapetrous approach (inferior to the petrous internal carotid artery). The choice of a surgical approach depends on the relationship of the lesion to the internal carotid artery (medial or inferior), degree of medial expansion, and pathology. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the anatomic and technical features of endoscopic surgical approaches to the petrous apex, provide a new classification for approaches that focuses on the relationship of the lesion to the petrous internal carotid artery, and provide outcomes data on our first 20 endoscopic petrous apex approaches.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective clinical outcome study of endoscopic petrous apex surgeries was performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The medical records from patients with endoscopic endonasal approaches to isolated petrous apex lesions were reviewed for demographics, diagnoses, presentation, endoscopic approach, and clinical outcomes. Patients with lesions that extended into the petrous apex but were not isolated to the petrous apex were excluded (e.g., clival chordoma with extension into the petrous apex).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients were included in the analysis: 13 inflammatory cystic lesions (9 cholesterol granulomas and four petrous apicitis) and 7 solid lesions. Chondrosarcoma was the most common solid petrous apex lesion in our series. Twelve of 13 cystic lesions were drained endoscopically (one surgery was aborted early in the series). All drained patients had resolution of presenting symptoms. One patient had closure of the outflow tract without return of symptoms and one patient had revision endoscopic drainage due to scarring and neo‐osteogenesis and return of unilateral headache. No carotid injuries and no new cranial neuropathies occurred perioperatively. The advantages and limitations of the medial transsphenoidal approaches (with and without carotid mobilization) and the transpterygoid infrapetrous approach are discussed.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p>The endoscopic endonasal approach to petrous apex lesions is safe and effective for appropriately selected patients in the hands of experienced endoscopic skull base surgeons. If offers advantages of removing the hearing and facial nerve risks from the transtemporal/transcranial approaches and allows for a larger and more natural drainage pathway into the sinuses. Laryngoscope, 119:19–25, 2009</jats:p></jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993443281028","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Adam M. Zanation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993443281027","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Carl H. Snyderman"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993443281029","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ricardo L. Carrau"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993443281026","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Paul A. Gardner"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993443281024","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daniel M. Prevedello"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993443281025","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Amin B. Kassam"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0023852X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15314995"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The Laryngoscope"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-12-31","prism:volume":"119","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"19","prism:endingPage":"25"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Flary.20027"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lary.20027"}],"createdAt":"2009-01-12","modifiedAt":"2023-10-09","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707531420416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Surgical Anatomy of the Eustachian Tube for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery: A Cadaveric and Radiologic 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Headache"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204407850240","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Surgical Anatomy for the Endoscopic Transnasal Approach to the Craniovertebral Junction"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"頭蓋頚椎移行部病変に対する内視鏡下経鼻的アプローチに必要な神経解剖"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206335756288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"What Are the Limits of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?: The Expanded Endonasal Approach to the Skull Base"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679713393024","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"経鼻腔的アプローチで手術を施行した錐体尖コレステリン肉芽腫例"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Case of Cholesterol Granuloma of the Petrous Apex that was Treated by Endoscopic Transnasal 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surgery"},{"@value":"鼻副鼻腔周辺疾患に対する経鼻内視鏡的アプローチ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390584870602929792","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A Case of Cholesterol Granuloma at the Petrous Apex Drained Via the Transsphenoidal Approach"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"経蝶形骨洞アプローチでドレナージした錐体尖コレステリン肉芽腫例"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ケイチョウケイ ホネドウ アプローチ デ ドレナージ シタ スイタイ セン コレステリン ニクゲシュレイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390586179693259776","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"内視鏡下経斜台手術でドレナージ法の工夫が奏効した錐体尖コレステリン肉芽腫例"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Endoscopic Transclival Approach for the Treatment of Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma: A Case Report of a Successful Drainage Technique Modification"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ナイシキョウ カケイ シャダイ シュジュツ デ ドレナージホウ ノ クフウ ガ ソウコウ シタ スイタイ セン コレステリン 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