{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993521843328.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1063/1.4919867"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.4919867/13955173/182403_1_online.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Beta (β) tungsten thin films: Structure, electron transport, and giant spin Hall effect"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>We use a simple magnetron sputtering process to fabricate beta (β) tungsten thin films, which are capable of generating giant spin Hall effect. As-deposited thin films are always in the metastable β-W phase from 3.0 to 26.7 nm. The β-W phase remains intact below a critical thickness of 22.1 nm even after magnetic thermal annealing at 280 °C, which is required to induce perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in a layered structure of β-W/Co40Fe40B20/MgO. Intensive annealing transforms the thicker films (&gt;22.1 nm) into the stable α-W phase. We analyze the structure and grain size of both β- and α-W thin films. Electron transport in terms of resistivity and normal Hall effect is studied over a broad temperature range of 10 K to at least 300 K on all samples. Very low switching current densities are achieved in β-W/Co40Fe40B20/MgO with PMA. These basic properties reveal useful behaviors in β-W thin films, making them technologically promising for spintronic magnetic random access memories and spin-logic devices.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993521843328","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Qiang Hao"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Brown University Department of Physics, , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993521843330","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wenzhe Chen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Brown University Department of Physics, , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993521843329","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gang Xiao"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Brown University Department of Physics, , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00036951"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10773118"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Applied Physics Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"AIP Publishing"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-05-04","prism:volume":"106","prism:number":"18","prism:startingPage":"182403"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.4919867/13955173/182403_1_online.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2015-05-04","modifiedAt":"2023-06-18","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050018218947208064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Elastic constants of beta tungsten thin films studied by picosecond ultrasonics and density functional theory"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050285299913490432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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