{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993537006464.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/s41598-018-35398-0"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35398-0.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35398-0"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Fine particulate matters less than 2.5 µm (PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub>) in the ambient atmosphere are strongly associated with adverse health effects. However, it is unlikely that all fine particles are equally toxic in view of their different sizes and chemical components. Toxicity of fine particles produced from various combustion sources (diesel engine, gasoline engine, biomass burning (rice straw and pine stem burning), and coal combustion) and non-combustion sources (road dust including sea spray aerosols, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)), which are known major sources of PM<jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub>, was determined. Multiple biological and chemical endpoints were integrated for various source-specific aerosols to derive toxicity scores for particles originating from different sources. The highest toxicity score was obtained for diesel engine exhaust particles, followed by gasoline engine exhaust particles, biomass burning particles, coal combustion particles, and road dust, suggesting that traffic plays the most critical role in enhancing the toxic effects of fine particles. The toxicity ranking of fine particles produced from various sources can be used to better understand the adverse health effects caused by different fine particle types in the ambient atmosphere, and to provide practical management of fine particles beyond what can be achieved only using PM mass which is the current regulation standard.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006468","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Minhan Park"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006597","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hung Soo Joo"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006469","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kwangyul Lee"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006600","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Myoseon Jang"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006594","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sang Don Kim"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006595","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Injeong Kim"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006598","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006466","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Heungbin Lim"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006464","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hanjae Shin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006467","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kyu Hyuck Chung"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006593","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yoon-Hyeong Choi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006599","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sun Gu Park"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006465","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Min-Suk Bae"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006592","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jiyi Lee"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006596","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hangyul Song"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699993537006601","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kihong Park"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"20452322"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Scientific Reports"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-11-19","prism:volume":"8","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"17007"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35398-0.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35398-0"}],"createdAt":"2018-11-13","modifiedAt":"2023-09-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050021138664187520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Acceleration of acute lung inflammation by IL-1α released through cell death of alveolar macrophages upon phagocytosis of fine Asian sand dust particles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050868903519127296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Source analysis of the particle-associated oxidative potential and polycyclic aromatic compounds in Shenyang, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567829891968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Resolving aerosol mixing state increases accuracy of black carbon respiratory deposition estimates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593669345920","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Lung deposited surface area of atmospheric aerosol particles at three observatories in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593702829056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Contribution of Physical and Chemical Properties to Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potentials of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles at Urban and Rural Sites in Japan"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-018-35398-0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109178_references_DOI_a2fUxEmQ7THs0c67ZZjcg8UTzmT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11356-025-36129-5_references_DOI_a2fUxEmQ7THs0c67ZZjcg8UTzmT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.004_references_DOI_a2fUxEmQ7THs0c67ZZjcg8UTzmT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118597_references_DOI_a2fUxEmQ7THs0c67ZZjcg8UTzmT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/atmos13020319_references_DOI_a2fUxEmQ7THs0c67ZZjcg8UTzmT"}]}