{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994233857408.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2003ja010243"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2003JA010243"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2003JA010243"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Instability of the <i>E</i>‐<i>F</i> coupled nighttime midlatitude ionosphere"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0015\"><jats:italic>Tsunoda and Cosgrove</jats:italic> [2001]</jats:ext-link> recently pointed out that the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> layer and sporadic <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub>) layers in the nighttime midlatitude ionosphere must be considered electrodynamically as a coupled system in light of the presence of a Hall polarization process in <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub> layers [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0008\"><jats:italic>Haldoupis et al.</jats:italic>, 1996</jats:ext-link>; <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0014\"><jats:italic>Tsunoda</jats:italic>, 1998</jats:ext-link>; <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0002\"><jats:italic>Cosgrove and Tsunoda</jats:italic>, 2001</jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0003\">2002a</jats:ext-link>] and the fact that kilometer‐scale electric fields map efficiently between the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> regions. They further noted the apparent presence of positive feedback between processes in those regions. <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0004\"><jats:italic>Cosgrove and Tsunoda</jats:italic> [2002b</jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0005\">2003]</jats:ext-link> have since shown that <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s</jats:italic></jats:sub> layers are unstable with properties not unlike those of the Perkins instability in the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> region [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgra17257-bib-0011\"><jats:italic>Perkins</jats:italic>, 1973</jats:ext-link>], thus providing yet another reason to consider the behavior of the coupled system. In this paper we show mathematically that the coupled system is indeed unstable with properties that are not only related to but distinct from those of the individual instabilities. A key finding is that this coupled response significantly enhances the growth rate of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> region structures, beyond that of the Perkins instability.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994233857408","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Russell B. Cosgrove"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Geospace Studies SRI International  Menlo Park California USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869926646912","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Roland T. Tsunoda"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Geospace Studies SRI International  Menlo Park California USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-04","prism:volume":"109","prism:number":"A4","prism:startingPage":"A04305"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2003JA010243"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2003JA010243"}],"createdAt":"2004-04-21","modifiedAt":"2023-10-30","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050002213760092928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Observation of Synchronization Between Instabilities of the Sporadic E Layer and Geomagnetic Field Line Connected F Region Medium-Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances"},{"@value":"Observation of Synchronization Between Instabilities of the Sporadic <i>E</i> Layer and Geomagnetic Field Line Connected <i>F</i> Region Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050285700292549376","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Wavenumber Spectra of Atmospheric Gravity Waves and Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Based on More Than 10‐Year Airglow Images in Japan, Russia, and Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050294020601990144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"On using a double-thin-shell approach and TEC perturbation component to sound night-time mid-latitude E–F coupling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050296123054925952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Nighttime Midlatitude E-F Coupling in Geomagnetic Conjugate Ionospheres: A Double Thin Shell Model and a Multi-Source Data Investigation"},{"@value":"Nighttime Midlatitude E‐F Coupling in Geomagnetic Conjugate Ionospheres: A Double Thin Shell Model and a Multi‐Source Data Investigation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050846637960273664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Vertical fine structure and time evolution of plasma irregularities in the E-s layer observed by a high-resolution Ca+ lidar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168842639360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal Evolution of Three‐Dimensional Structures of Metal Ion Layer Around Japan Simulated by a Midlatitude Ionospheric Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017279829920128","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evidence for the In‐Situ Generation of Plasma Depletion Structures Over the Transition Region of Geomagnetic Low‐Mid Latitude"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017279830097664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Multi‐Event Analysis of Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling of Nighttime Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances From the Ground and the Arase Satellite"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285705810723712","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical Study of Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed with a GPS Receiver Network in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708263512704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306904395316736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Resolving the generation mechanisms and electrodynamical effects of Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306905159846144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High-resolution 3-D imaging of electron density perturbations using ultra-dense GNSS observation networks in Japan: an example of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306906077718272","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Solar activity dependence for the relationship between nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance and sporadic E (Es) layer activities in summer during 1998–2019 over Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183241974144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On postmidnight low-latitude ionospheric irregularities during solar minimum: 1. Equatorial Atmosphere Radar and GPS-TEC observations in Indonesia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183245313024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Role of Thermospheric Winds and Sporadic <i>E</i> Layers in the Formation and Evolution of Electrified MSTIDs in Geomagnetic Conjugate Regions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846646045163648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"GPS observations of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances over Europe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658215068416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coordinated observations of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in 630‐nm airglow and HF radar echoes at midlatitudes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361131418078474112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Investigation of Nighttime MSTIDS Observed by Optical Thermosphere Imagers at Low Latitudes: Morphology, Propagation Direction, and Wind Filtering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050588892108497664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Propagation characteristics of sporadic E and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) : statistics using HF Doppler and GPS-TEC data in Japan"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2003ja010243"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2021ja029267_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020ja028837_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022ja030542_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022ja031074_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-022-01616-3_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_21_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2010gl046268_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-019-0984-z_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019ja026807_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3389/fspas.2025.1539821_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-024-02051-2_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-024-02023-6_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2011ja016797_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018ja025261_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-022-01639-w_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/angeo-31-163-2013_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2008ja013963_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018ja025438_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018ja026242_references_DOI_Jkvzzubj9AbUjDkFltF474Mtr9P"}]}