{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994496966528.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3390/buildings2030300"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/2/3/300/pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A Review of Seismic Isolation for Buildings: Historical Development and Research Needs"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Seismic isolation is a technique that has been used around the world to protect building structures, nonstructural components and content from the damaging effects of earthquake ground shaking. This paper summarizes current practices, describes widely used seismic isolation hardware, chronicles the history and development of modern seismic isolation through shake table testing of isolated buildings, and reviews past efforts to achieve three-dimensional seismic isolation. The review of current practices and past research are synthesized with recent developments from full-scale shake table testing to highlight areas where research is needed to achieve full seismic damage protection of buildings. The emphasis of this paper is on the application of passive seismic isolation for buildings primarily as practiced in the United States, though systems used in other countries will be discussed.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994496966528","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gordon P. Warn"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 226B Sackett Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994496966529","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Keri L. Ryan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno/MS 0258, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"20755309"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Buildings"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"MDPI AG"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2012-08-03","prism:volume":"2","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"300","prism:endingPage":"325"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/2/3/300/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2012-08-03","modifiedAt":"2025-10-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050293323859838080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimating the maximum response and maximum control force for high-rise base-isolated buildings with active structural control in along-wind direction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005516833982592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A spectrum for estimating the maximum control force for passive-base-isolated buildings with LQR control"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306904412595968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Response-spectrum-based design method for gain-scheduling control of active base-isolated structures with nonlinear viscous dampers"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/buildings2030300"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110712_references_DOI_LltdbzYU4ikerv1ta2kbLPfIdUl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111400_references_DOI_LltdbzYU4ikerv1ta2kbLPfIdUl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109600_references_DOI_LltdbzYU4ikerv1ta2kbLPfIdUl"}]}