{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994577681920.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1118/1.3476457"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1118%2F1.3476457"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1118/1.3476457"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Comparison of <scp>GEANT4</scp> very low energy cross section models with experimental data in water"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> general‐purpose Monte Carlo simulation toolkit is able to simulate physical interaction processes of electrons, hydrogen and helium atoms with charge states (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/mp6457-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp6457:mp6457-math-0001\"/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/mp6457-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp6457:mp6457-math-0002\"/>) and (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/mp6457-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp6457:mp6457-math-0003\"/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/mp6457-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp6457:mp6457-math-0004\"/>, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/mp6457-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp6457:mp6457-math-0005\"/>), respectively, in liquid water, the main component of biological systems, down to the electron volt regime and the submicrometer scale, providing <jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> users with the so‐called “<jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc>‐DNA” physics models suitable for microdosimetry simulation applications. The corresponding software has been recently re‐engineered in order to provide <jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> users with a coherent and unique approach to the simulation of electromagnetic interactions within the <jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> toolkit framework (since <jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> version 9.3 beta). This work presents a quantitative comparison of these physics models with a collection of experimental data in water collected from the literature.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p>An evaluation of the closeness between the total and differential cross section models available in the<jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> toolkit for microdosimetry and experimental reference data is performed using a dedicated statistical toolkit that includes the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical test. The authors used experimental data acquired in water vapor as direct measurements in the liquid phase are not yet available in the literature. Comparisons with several recommendations are also presented.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p>The authors have assessed the compatibility of experimental data with<jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> microdosimetry models by means of quantitative methods. The results show that microdosimetric measurements in liquid water are necessary to assess quantitatively the validity of the software implementation for the liquid water phase. Nevertheless, a comparison with existing experimental data in water vapor provides a qualitative appreciation of the plausibility of the simulation models. The existing reference data themselves should undergo a critical interpretation and selection, as some of the series exhibit significant deviations from each other.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc>‐DNA physics models available in the <jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> toolkit have been compared in this article to available experimental data in the water vapor phase as well as to several published recommendations on the mass stopping power. These models represent a first step in the extension of the <jats:sc>GEANT4</jats:sc> Monte Carlo toolkit to the simulation of biological effects of ionizing radiation.</jats:p></jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380285705528845059","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Incerti"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681920","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Ivanchenko"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681923","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Karamitros"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681932","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Mantero"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681925","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Moretto"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577682048","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. N. Tran"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577682050","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. Mascialino"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681927","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Champion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681926","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"V. N. Ivanchenko"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681930","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. A. Bernal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681933","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Z. Francis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577682049","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Villagrasa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681924","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Baldacchino"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681931","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Guèye"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681928","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Capra"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681921","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Nieminen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994577681922","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. 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