{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994581384576.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8/fulltext.html"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Identifying empty subjects by modality information: the case of the Japanese sentence-final particles -yo and -ne"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"The present study conducted four experiments to investigate how modality information provided through the sentence-final particles -yo and -ne were utilized in identifying an empty subject by native Japanese speakers. Experiment 1 conducted a whole-sentence anomaly decision task, finding that base sentences without -yo and -ne attached were processed more quickly than sentences with either -yo or -ne and that sentences with -yo were processed more quickly than the same sentences with -ne. A delay in processing sentences with -ne was created by the ambiguity of an empty subject identified by -ne as either ‘I’ or ‘you’. In Experiment 2, the auxiliary verb -ou ‘let us’ was added to the base sentence before -yo and -ne, providing a cue to identify the empty subject as ‘we’. Although the base sentences were processed more quickly than those containing the particles -yo and -ne, no other difference resulted from the attachment of these particles. To eliminate the possibility of orthographic-length effects, Experiment 3 compared base sentences with -ou, -ou-yo, and -ou-ne, finding no difference among them (i.e., no ortho- graphic-length effects). Experiment 4 was conducted to further eliminate the possible involvement of discourse-level computation by utilizing base sentences with overt subjects, past tense verbs, and the auxiliary verb -rasii ‘appear to’. Once subjects of sentences were clearly shown, there was no difference among base sentences and those with either -yo or -ne attached (i.e., no discourse-level computation effects). Thus the present study proved that the modality information inherent in the particles -yo and -ne was used for identifying empty subjects."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994581384576","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Katsuo Tamaoka"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994581384704","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Michiaki Matsumoto"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699994581384705","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tsutomu Sakamoto"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09258558"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15728560"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of East Asian Linguistics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2007-04-13","prism:volume":"16","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"145","prism:endingPage":"170"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://www.springer.com/tdm"],"url":[{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8.pdf"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8/fulltext.html"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8"}],"createdAt":"2007-04-18","modifiedAt":"2020-04-21","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182252068608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Individual mentalizing ability boosts flexibility toward a linguistic marker of social distance: An ERP investigation"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10831-007-9010-8"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::abd12fa4ec3f00f3551082f523bfb596"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.01.005_references_DOI_XL5T4NYOImmNtILouIQtbQkfF9b"}]}