{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995344140928.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jcli-d-12-00584.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/26/16/5782/4009523/jcli-d-12-00584_1.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.7892/boris.47710"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"1721.1/87788"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"1983/4d504fda-5645-4f7e-a173-56f8e5a27d0d"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Long-Term Climate Change Commitment and Reversibility: An EMIC Intercomparison"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper summarizes the results of an intercomparison project with Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) undertaken in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). The focus is on long-term climate projections designed to 1) quantify the climate change commitment of different radiative forcing trajectories and 2) explore the extent to which climate change is reversible on human time scales. All commitment simulations follow the four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and their extensions to year 2300. Most EMICs simulate substantial surface air temperature and thermosteric sea level rise commitment following stabilization of the atmospheric composition at year-2300 levels. The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is weakened temporarily and recovers to near-preindustrial values in most models for RCPs 2.6–6.0. The MOC weakening is more persistent for RCP8.5. Elimination of anthropogenic CO2 emissions after 2300 results in slowly decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. At year 3000 atmospheric CO2 is still at more than half its year-2300 level in all EMICs for RCPs 4.5–8.5. Surface air temperature remains constant or decreases slightly and thermosteric sea level rise continues for centuries after elimination of CO2 emissions in all EMICs. Restoration of atmospheric CO2 from RCP to preindustrial levels over 100–1000 years requires large artificial removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and does not result in the simultaneous return to preindustrial climate conditions, as surface air temperature and sea level response exhibit a substantial time lag relative to atmospheric CO2.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141061","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kirsten Zickfeld"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140947","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Michael Eby"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140939","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew J. Weaver"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140800","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kaitlin Alexander"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141064","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Elisabeth Crespin"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Life Institute, Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141067","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Neil R. Edwards"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141059","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alexey V. Eliseev"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, RAS, Moscow, Russia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140938","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Georg Feulner"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140937","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thierry Fichefet"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Life Institute, Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141057","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chris E. Forest"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141065","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Pierre Friedlingstein"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140931","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hugues Goosse"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Life Institute, Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141056","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Philip B. Holden"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140946","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fortunat Joos"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Physics Institute, University of Bern, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140930","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Michio Kawamiya"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140944","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David Kicklighter"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"The Ecosystems Center, MBL, Woods Hole, Massachusetts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140945","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hendrik Kienert"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140933","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Katsumi Matsumoto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140932","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Igor I. Mokhov"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, RAS, Moscow, Russia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140928","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Erwan Monier"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140929","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Steffen M. Olsen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140936","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jens O. P. Pedersen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140934","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mahe Perrette"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141060","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gwenaëlle Philippon-Berthier"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Life Institute, Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141062","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andy Ridgwell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141058","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Adam Schlosser"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140941","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thomas Schneider Von Deimling"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141069","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gary Shaffer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geophysics, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile, and Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140943","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrei Sokolov"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141063","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Renato Spahni"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Physics Institute, University of Bern, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140940","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marco Steinacher"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Physics Institute, University of Bern, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141066","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kaoru Tachiiri"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344141068","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kathy S. Tokos"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140935","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masakazu Yoshimori"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140948","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ning Zeng"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995344140942","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fang Zhao"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland"}]}],"contributor":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891429165586963074","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891429165586963075","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Monier, Erwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891429165586963076","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Schlosser, Adam"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891429165586963072","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Forest, Chris E."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891429165586963073","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sokolov, Andrei P."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08948755"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200442"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Climate"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2013-08-06","prism:volume":"26","prism:number":"16","prism:startingPage":"5782","prism:endingPage":"5809"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/26/16/5782/4009523/jcli-d-12-00584_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2013-02-19","modifiedAt":"2024-05-06","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=530%20Physics","dc:title":"530 Physics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=SEA-LEVEL%20RISE","dc:title":"SEA-LEVEL RISE"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=INTERMEDIATE%20COMPLEXITY","dc:title":"INTERMEDIATE COMPLEXITY"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Oceanography","dc:title":"Oceanography"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Climate%20prediction","dc:title":"Climate prediction"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=333","dc:title":"333"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Climate%20models","dc:title":"Climate models"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Atmospheric%20Sciences","dc:title":"Atmospheric Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Climate%20change","dc:title":"Climate change"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Meteorology%20%26%20Atmospheric%20Sciences","dc:title":"Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=CYCLE","dc:title":"CYCLE"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=DIOXIDE%20EMISSIONS","dc:title":"DIOXIDE EMISSIONS"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=550%20Earth%20sciences%20%26%20geology","dc:title":"550 Earth sciences & geology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=EARTH%20SYSTEM%20MODEL","dc:title":"EARTH SYSTEM MODEL"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Model%20comparison","dc:title":"Model comparison"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Carbon%20cycle","dc:title":"Carbon cycle"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=ANTHROPOGENIC%20FORCINGS","dc:title":"ANTHROPOGENIC FORCINGS"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Climate%20Action","dc:title":"Climate Action"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geomatic%20Engineering","dc:title":"Geomatic Engineering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=ATMOSPHERIC%20LIFETIME","dc:title":"ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=CUMULATIVE%20CARBON%20EMISSIONS","dc:title":"CUMULATIVE CARBON EMISSIONS"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=CO2","dc:title":"CO2"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=GREENHOUSE%20GASES","dc:title":"GREENHOUSE GASES"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Coupled%20models","dc:title":"Coupled models"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050025031476583168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360022305566182144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"preprint","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Historical and idealized climate model experiments: an EMIC intercomparison"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283696093896576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Historical and idealized climate model experiments: an intercomparison of Earth system models of intermediate complexity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567638367488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Is there warming in the pipeline? 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