{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995356081152.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/bimj.200710415"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fbimj.200710415"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bimj.200710415"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Youden Index and Optimal Cut‐Point Estimated from Observations Affected by a Lower Limit of Detection"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used to evaluate a biomarker's ability for classifying disease status. The Youden Index (<jats:italic>J</jats:italic>), the maximum potential effectiveness of a biomarker, is a common summary measure of the ROC curve. In biomarker development, levels may be unquantifiable below a limit of detection (LOD) and missing from the overall dataset. Disregarding these observations may negatively bias the ROC curve and thus <jats:italic>J</jats:italic>. Several correction methods have been suggested for mean estimation and testing; however, little has been written about the ROC curve or its summary measures. We adapt non‐parametric (empirical) and semi‐parametric (ROC‐GLM [generalized linear model]) methods and propose parametric methods (maximum likelihood (ML)) to estimate <jats:italic>J</jats:italic> and the optimal cut‐point (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic> *) for a biomarker affected by a LOD. We develop unbiased estimators of <jats:italic>J</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> * via ML for normally and gamma distributed biomarkers. Alpha level confidence intervals are proposed using delta and bootstrap methods for the ML, semi‐parametric, and non‐parametric approaches respectively. Simulation studies are conducted over a range of distributional scenarios and sample sizes evaluating estimators' bias, root‐mean square error, and coverage probability; the average bias was less than one percent for ML and GLM methods across scenarios and decreases with increased sample size. An example using polychlorinated biphenyl levels to classify women with and without endometriosis illustrates the potential benefits of these methods. We address the limitations and usefulness of each method in order to give researchers guidance in constructing appropriate estimates of biomarkers' true discriminating capabilities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995356081153","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marcus D. Ruopp"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995356081152","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Neil J. Perkins"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995356081155","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Brian W. Whitcomb"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995356081154","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Enrique F. Schisterman"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03233847"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15214036"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Biometrical Journal"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-06","prism:volume":"50","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"419","prism:endingPage":"430"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fbimj.200710415"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bimj.200710415"}],"createdAt":"2008-04-25","modifiedAt":"2023-11-14","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564288760297600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Hemodynamic vascular biomarkers for initiation of paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms using patient-specific computational fluid dynamic simulation based on magnetic resonance imaging"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218349075968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ratio of urine and blood urea nitrogen concentration predicts the response of tolvaptan in congestive heart failure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218532954880","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Circulating microRNA-203 predicts prognosis and metastasis in human colorectal cancer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233498037760","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The lack of increases in circulating endothelial progenitor cell as a negative predictor for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005516646964608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Serum microRNAs and chronic periodontitis: A case-control study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142797814016","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Clinical significance of advanced lung cancer inflammation index, a nutritional and inflammation index, in gastric cancer patients after surgical resection: A propensity score matching analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168740324224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Assessing the geographic range of classical swine fever vaccinations by spatiotemporal modelling in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168811197568","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High prevalence of pulmonary embolism prior to cancer therapies in patients with ovarian and endometrial cancers detected by contrast‐enhanced CT using D‐dimer as an index"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692746475136","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Serum miR-200c Is a Novel Prognostic and Metastasis-Predictive Biomarker in Patients With Colorectal Cancer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283695770996864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"miR-1246 and miR-4644 in salivary exosome as potential biomarkers for pancreatobiliary tract cancer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285705250396288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Natural language processing‐based assessment of consistency in summaries of product characteristics of generic antimicrobials"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286994515562240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Preoperative skeletal muscle density is associated with postoperative mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306905166176000","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Clinical feasibility of the preoperative C-reactive protein–albumin–lymphocyte index to predict short- and long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565167538768512","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Serum miR-21 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182184126208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Discrepancy between subjective and objective severity as a predictor of response to chronotherapeutics in bipolar depression"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567184865715584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Association of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin With Long-Term Renal Outcomes in ICU Survivors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092395281792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Prediction of Uropathogens by Flow Cytometry and Dip-stick Test Results of Urine Through Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092752116864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Pulmonary Nodules by Using a                    Convolutional Neural Network to Determine Volume Change at Chest                    CT"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092852904832","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Screening for Age-Related Olfactory Decline Using a Card-Type Odor Identification Test Designed for Use with Japanese People"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865421001834240","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Predictive value of pericoronary fat attenuation index for graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865816788229888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Applicable predictive factors extracted from peak flow trajectory for the prediction of asthma exacerbation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680084287232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Perioperative Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Measurement in Patients Who Undergo Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation Surgery"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282763015327360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effect of the Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume on the Prevalence of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390288370503951488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Scoring Model to Predict a Low Disease Activity in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Initially Treated with Biological Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390289920608002176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evaluation of a rapid coliform detection kit from clinical mastitis milk using colloidal gold nanoparticle–based immunochromatographic strips"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/bimj.200710415"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/nep.12406_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308737_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s00234-018-2002-8_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41698-017-0006-1_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1097/sla.0b013e3182a6909d_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.009_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1253/circj.cj-18-0021_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.018_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/tbed.14171_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/jso.26471_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/prp2.435_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/icvts/ivz307_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.gassur.2024.04.016_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/jnci/djt101_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3892/or.2016.5021_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.044_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2169/internalmedicine.6251-20_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1292/jvms.21-0185_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1371/journal.pone.0227257_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1148/radiol.2020191740_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s12078-020-09279-8_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1253/circj.cj-14-0008_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11604-024-01709-x_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.anai.2023.11.015_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1097/shk.0000000000000580_references_DOI_CQAd5uLknWk1hS8W1IlG0NnCNrd"}]}