{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995394097152.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1386/eapc.2.1.79_1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/eapc.2.1.79_1?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The two-layer model of ‘kawaii’: A behavioural science framework for understanding kawaii and cuteness"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>‘Kawaii’ is one of the most popular words in contemporary Japan and is recognized as representative of Japanese pop culture. It is often translated into English as ‘cute’, but a subtle difference of nuance seems to exist between the two words. In this article, a framework for research on kawaii from a behavioural science perspective is put forward. After introducing the dictionary definition, history and current usage of kawaii, this article reports survey results of Japanese students and office workers about their attitudes towards kawaii. These findings and past psychological and behavioural science research lead to a two-layer model that consists of kawaii as an emotion and kawaii as a social value. This model postulates that the basis of kawaii is a positive emotion related to the social motivation of watching for and staying with preferable persons and objects, which is typically observed in affection towards babies and infants, but not limited to them. This culturally non-specific, biological trait has been appreciated and fostered in Japan by certain characteristics of Japanese culture. Because previous research on cuteness has been almost exclusively associated with infant physical attractiveness and baby schema, using the relatively fresh, exotic word ‘kawaii’ may be helpful to describe this broader psychological concept.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326229281024","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20304371"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020304371"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0001-5671-609X"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA15078216"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15078216#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA15078216"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001919862"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267784825"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267798474"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414926341"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001919867"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403301260"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403302553"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411827845"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399357366"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000020803126"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411251402"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001742236"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267784956"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000389553766"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399358968"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254230716"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403300542"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000388515132"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411649052"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411394345"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242265028"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415313733"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414541628"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267773455"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267773457"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399357513"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402791352"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406181277"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267786476"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405124758"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411827689"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023353831"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023353839"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399356907"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401502137"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399234103"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398280913"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403022972"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/hiroshinittono"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroshi Nittono"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Osaka University"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"20517084"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"20517092"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"East Asian Journal of Popular Culture"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Intellect"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-04-01","prism:volume":"2","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"79","prism:endingPage":"95"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/eapc.2.1.79_1?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2016-04-15","modifiedAt":"2023-09-21","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050865021802900480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Women Approach Cute Objects but Avoid Cute Adult Female Faces: Verification of Correlation between Body Sway and Cuteness Rating"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168746825856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Enlargement of female pupils when perceiving something cute"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360022305565645952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"English and Spanish Adjectives that Describe the Japanese Concept of Kawaii"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298336553088896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Kawaii emotions in presentations: Viewing a physical touch affects perception of affiliative feelings of others toward an object"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298755614579712","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Changes in Cat Facial Morphology Are Related to Interaction with Humans"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298755630461184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"What’s in a Japanese kawaii ‘cute’ name? A linguistic perspective"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092711230464","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How the Japanese Term\n                    <i>Kawaii</i>\n                    Is Perceived Outside of Japan: A Study in Israel"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092856103040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cross-Cultural Comparisons of the Cute and Related Concepts in Japan, the United States, and Israel"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118702958208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Eye Size Affects Cuteness in Different Facial Expressions and Ages"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380598626048","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"<scp>Express</scp>[p] in expressive phonology: analysis of a nicknaming pattern using ‘princess’ in Japanese"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567395944576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The pluripotentiality of bilabial consonants: The images of softness and cuteness in Japanese and English"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567510591104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Face Inversion Effect on Perceived Cuteness and Pupillary Response"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593803855104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Creation and Validation of the Japanese Cute Infant Face (JCIF) Dataset"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707394420096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Can Voice Assistants Sound Cute? 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