{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995477348480.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04425.x"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2125.2012.04425.x"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04425.x"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: a challenging journey to bioefficacy"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Bioavailability is a key step in ensuring bioefficacy of bioactive food compounds or oral drugs. Bioavailability is a complex process involving several different stages: liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination phases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LADME</jats:styled-content>). Bioactive food compounds, whether derived from various plant or animal sources, need to be bioavailable in order to exert any beneficial effects. Through a better understanding of the digestive fate of bioactive food compounds we can impact the promotion of health and improvement of performance. Many varying factors affect bioavailability, such as bioaccessibility, food matrix effect, transporters, molecular structures and metabolizing enzymes. Bioefficacy may be improved through enhanced bioavailability. Therefore, several technologies have been developed to improve the bioavailability of xenobiotics, including structural modifications, nanotechnology and colloidal systems. Due to the complex nature of food bioactive compounds and also to the different mechanisms of absorption of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds, unravelling the bioavailability of food constituents is challenging. Among the food sources discussed during this review, coffee, tea, citrus fruit and fish oil were included as sources of food bioactive compounds (<jats:italic>e.g.</jats:italic>(poly)phenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFAs</jats:styled-content>)) since they are examples of important ingredients for the food industry. Although there are many studies reporting on bioavailability and bioefficacy of these bioactive food components, understanding their interactions, metabolism and mechanism of action still requires extensive work. This review focuses on some of the major factors affecting the bioavailability of the aforementioned bioactive food compounds.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995477348482","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Maarit J. Rein"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Nutrient Bioavailability Group Nestle Research Center Lausanne Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995477348485","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mathieu Renouf"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Nutrient Bioavailability Group Nestle Research Center Lausanne Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817014273536","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cristina Cruz‐Hernandez"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Nutrient Bioavailability Group Nestle Research Center Lausanne Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817014273537","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lucas Actis‐Goretta"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Nutrient Bioavailability Group Nestle Research Center Lausanne Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995477348483","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sagar K. Thakkar"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Nutrient Bioavailability Group Nestle Research Center Lausanne Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995477348484","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marcia da Silva Pinto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Nutrient Bioavailability Group Nestle Research Center Lausanne Switzerland"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03065251"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"13652125"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2013-02-05","prism:volume":"75","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"588","prism:endingPage":"602"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2125.2012.04425.x"},{"@id":"https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04425.x"}],"createdAt":"2012-08-16","modifiedAt":"2025-04-06","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050300291280548352","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evaluation of the antiplasmodial efficacy of synthetic 2,5-diphenyloxazole analogs of compounds naturally derived from Oxytropis lanata"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285709181555200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Potential of rooibos, its major<i>C</i>-glucosyl flavonoids, and<i>Z</i>-2-(<b>β</b>-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in prevention of metabolic syndrome"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617520275840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Analysis of Cadmium, Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Vitamin C Co-exposure on PC12 Cellular Mechanisms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617719322880","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Therapeutic Potential of Porcine Liver Decomposition Product: New Insights and Perspectives for Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707150831616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effect of digestive enzymes and pH on variation of bioavailability of green tea during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390576118542098688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Quercetin up-regulates the expression of tumor-suppressive microRNAs in human cervical cancer"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04425.x"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1080/10408398.2016.1157568_references_DOI_2aPueENSafbIw9uAMjCmzr8rzx3"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s12011-020-02097-9_references_DOI_2aPueENSafbIw9uAMjCmzr8rzx3"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/biomedicines8110446_references_DOI_2aPueENSafbIw9uAMjCmzr8rzx3"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100540_references_DOI_2aPueENSafbIw9uAMjCmzr8rzx3"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-056_references_DOI_2aPueENSafbIw9uAMjCmzr8rzx3"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.024_references_DOI_2aPueENSafbIw9uAMjCmzr8rzx3"}]}