{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995481393664.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/2009jcli2801.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/22/12/3374/3950282/2009jcli2801_1.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A Comparison of Climate Feedback Strength between CO2 Doubling and LGM Experiments"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Studies of the climate in the past potentially provide a constraint on the uncertainty of climate sensitivity, but previous studies warn against a simple scaling to the future. Climate sensitivity is determined by a number of feedback processes, and they may vary according to climate states and forcings. In this study, the similarities and differences in feedbacks for CO2 doubling, a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and LGM greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing experiments are investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a slab ocean model. After computing the radiative forcing, the individual feedback strengths of water vapor, lapse-rate, albedo, and cloud feedbacks are evaluated explicitly. For this particular model, the difference in the climate sensitivity between the experiments is attributed to the shortwave cloud feedback, in which there is a tendency for it to become weaker or even negative in cooling experiments. No significant difference is found in the water vapor feedback between warming and cooling experiments by GHGs. The weaker positive water vapor feedback in the LGM experiment resulting from a relatively weaker tropical forcing is compensated for by the stronger positive lapse-rate feedback resulting from a relatively stronger extratropical forcing. A hypothesis is proposed that explains the asymmetric cloud response between the warming and cooling experiments associated with a displacement of the region of mixed-phase clouds. The difference in the total feedback strength between the experiments is, however, relatively small compared to the current intermodel spread, and does not necessarily preclude the use of LGM climate as a future constraint.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995481393664","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masakazu Yoshimori"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995481393666","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tokuta Yokohata"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995481393665","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ayako Abe-Ouchi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Chiba, and Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200442"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08948755"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Climate"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2009-06-15","prism:volume":"22","prism:number":"12","prism:startingPage":"3374","prism:endingPage":"3395"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/22/12/3374/3950282/2009jcli2801_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2009-01-19","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050869456409246976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Robust Seasonality of Arctic Warming Processes in Two Different Versions of the MIROC GCM"},{"@value":"Robust seasonality of Arctic warming processes in two different versions of MIROC GCM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218812192640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Surface Arctic Amplification Factors in CMIP5 Models: Land and Oceanic Surfaces and Seasonality"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236557375872","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sources of Spread in Multimodel Projections of the Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236558883584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Responses of Basal Melting of Antarctic Ice Shelves to the Climatic Forcing of the Last Glacial Maximum and CO2 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