{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995497907584.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1073/pnas.0701855104"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0701855104"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>\n            Some of the most important impacts of global climate change will be felt among the populations, predominantly in developing countries, referred to as “subsistence” or “smallholder” farmers. Their vulnerability to climate change comes both from being predominantly located in the tropics, and from various socioeconomic, demographic, and policy trends limiting their capacity to adapt to change. However, these impacts will be difficult to model or predict because of (\n            <jats:italic>i</jats:italic>\n            ) the lack of standardised definitions of these sorts of farming system, and therefore of standard data above the national level, (\n            <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic>\n            ) intrinsic characteristics of these systems, particularly their complexity, their location-specificity, and their integration of agricultural and nonagricultural livelihood strategies, and (\n            <jats:italic>iii</jats:italic>\n            ) their vulnerability to a range of climate-related and other stressors. Some recent work relevant to these farming systems is reviewed, a conceptual framework for understanding the diverse forms of impacts in an integrated manner is proposed, and future research needs are identified.\n          </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380576120875364992","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"John F. Morton"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00278424"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10916490"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2007-12-11","prism:volume":"104","prism:number":"50","prism:startingPage":"19680","prism:endingPage":"19685"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0701855104"}],"createdAt":"2007-12-06","modifiedAt":"2022-04-12","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585017761894144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Can Drones Help Smallholder Farmers Improve Agriculture Efficiencies and Reduce Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa? Local Perceptions from Malawi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025430211582336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Assessing the Impacts of Dam Construction on the Livelihoods of Swidden Farmers in Pinlaung, Southern Shan State, Myanmar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285706452198144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Livelihood factors and household strategies for an unexpected climate event in upland northern Laos"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617900020864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Using a Statistical Crop Model to Predict Maize Yield by the End-Of-Century for the Azuero Region in Panama"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757186317824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global modeling of SDG indicators related to small-scale farmers: testing in a changing climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848664415933952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sustainable Forest Bioenergy Development Strategies in Indochina: Collaborative Effort to Establish Regional Policies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842058300928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems : a review toward integrating Earth–human systems"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.0701855104"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10745-024-00485-6_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11629-013-2879-y_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-021-00418-7_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/atmos11101097_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1088/2515-7620/acc3e2_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/agriculture13051075_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/f9040223_references_DOI_JLlBJWig68BDFEf2lyzgXHQrLhS"}]}