{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995602864256.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.8.1545"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1359%2Fjbmr.2002.17.8.1545"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://academic.oup.com/jbmr/article-pdf/17/8/1545/56467561/5650170822.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"30021657436"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Improved Bone Structure and Strength After Long-Term Mechanical Loading Is Greatest if Loading Is Separated Into Short Bouts"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mechanical loading presents a potent osteogenic stimulus to bone cells, but bone cells desensitize rapidly to mechanical stimulation. Resensitization must occur before the cells can transduce future mechanical signals effectively. Previous experiments show that mechanical loading protocols are more osteogenic if the load cycles are divided into several discrete bouts, separated by several hours, than if the cycles are applied in a single uninterrupted bout. We investigated the effect of discrete mechanical loading bouts on structure and biomechanical properties of the rat ulna after 16 weeks of loading. The right ulnas of 26 adult female rats were subjected to 360 load cycles/day, delivered in a haversine waveform at 17 N peak force, 3 days/week for 16 weeks. One-half of the animals (n = 13) were administered all 360 daily cycles in a single uninterrupted bout (360 × 1); the other half were administered 90 cycles four times per day (90 × 4), with 3 h between bouts. A nonloaded baseline control (BLC) group and an age-matched control (AMC) group (n = 9/group) were included in the experiment. The following measurements were collected after death: in situ mechanical strain at the ulna midshaft; ulnar length; maximum and minimum second moments of area (IMAX and IMIN) along the entire length of the ulnas (1-mm increments); and ultimate force, energy to failure, and stiffness of whole ulnas. Qualitative observations of bone morphology were made from whole bone images reconstructed from microcomputed tomography (μCT) slices. Loading according to the 360 × 1 and 90 × 4 schedules improved ultimate force by 64% and 87%, energy to failure by 94% and 165%, IMAX by 13% and 26% (in the middistal diaphysis), IMIN by 69% and 96% (in the middistal diaphysis), and reduced peak mechanical strain by 40% and 36%, respectively. The large increases in biomechanical properties occurred despite very low 5–12% gains in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). Mechanical loading is more effective in enhancing bone biomechanical and structural properties if the loads are applied in discrete bouts, separated by recovery periods (90 × 4 schedule), than if the loads are applied in a single session (360 × 1). Modest increases in aBMD and BMC can improve biomechanical properties substantially if the new bone formation is localized to the most biomechanically relevant sites, as occurs during load-induced bone formation.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995602864256","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alexander G. Robling"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"@value":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995602864257","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Felicia M. Hinant"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995602864259","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David B. Burr"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995602864258","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Charles H. Turner"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"@value":"Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08840431"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15234681"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Oxford University Press (OUP)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2002-08-01","prism:volume":"17","prism:number":"8","prism:startingPage":"1545","prism:endingPage":"1554"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1359%2Fjbmr.2002.17.8.1545"},{"@id":"https://academic.oup.com/jbmr/article-pdf/17/8/1545/56467561/5650170822.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2006-04-27","modifiedAt":"2024-03-13","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218359402368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Relationship between the length of the forefoot bones and performance in male sprinters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231278840192","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Past sporting activity during growth induces greater bone mineral content and enhances bone geometry in young men and women"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231317149824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Random Electromyostimulation Promotes Osteogenesis and the Mechanical Properties of Rat Bones"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025430174944896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Former Olympians had remained on high bone mineral density for a long period: Consecutive checkup of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Japanese contestants for over 50 years"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656098383488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Discontinuation of leisure time impact-loading exercise is related to reduction of a calcaneus quantitative ultrasound parameter in young adult Japanese females: a 3-year follow-up study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204281195520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ergonomic task reduction prevents bone osteopenia in a rat model of upper          extremity overuse"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204920643072","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy","isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"EFFECT OF HIGH-IMPACT TRAINING AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES ON OSTEOGENIC RESPONSE IN RATS"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"ハイインパクトトレーニングの頻度および強度がラットの骨量・骨強度におよぼす影響"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ハイ インパクト トレーニング ノ ヒンド オヨビ キョウド ガ ラット ノ コツリョウ ホネ キョウド ニ オヨボス エイキョウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205416276224","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Control of cell differentiation by mechanical stress"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001277375764480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Electromyostimulation influences the mechanical properties and microarchitectures of bones beyond the stimulation site"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679226606592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Preferential Orientation of Collagen/Biological Apatite in Growing Rat Ulna under an Artificial Loading Condition"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680391301504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Optimal exercise protocol for osteogenic response"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282752323319040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effect of the “Building Osteo Neatly Exercise” program on quantitative          ultrasound parameters and plantar pressure distribution for college-aged          females"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390861880807908224","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Identification of functionally related adaptations in the trabecular network of the proximal femur and tibia of a bipedally trained Japanese macaque"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570291225609510272","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Duty Time of Rabbit Jaw Muscles Varies with the Number of Activity Bursts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571417125652466176","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"High-impact exercise frequency per week or day for osteogenic response in rats"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571417125685329920","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Intermittent Force Induces High RANKL Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.8.1545"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"30021657436"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/sms.12857_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s00774-014-0620-8_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10439-017-1927-0_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2486/indhealth.2014-0159_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1537/ase.2307142_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.bone.2024.117203_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s00198-013-2416-4_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7600/jpfsm.5.7_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1589/jpts.31.717_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7600/jpfsm.2.49_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2320/matertrans.me201314_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1299/jbse.19-00034_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7600/jspfsm.56.233_references_DOI_DKpPs27FQoyp4B3FRZU9D2mLuX"}]}