{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995833198720.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1073/pnas.1106039108"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1106039108"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Rapid expansion of oceanic anoxia immediately before the end-Permian mass extinction"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>\n            Periods of oceanic anoxia have had a major influence on the evolutionary history of Earth and are often contemporaneous with mass extinction events. Changes in global (as opposed to local) redox conditions can be potentially evaluated using U system proxies. The intensity and timing of oceanic redox changes associated with the end-Permian extinction horizon (EH) were assessed from variations in\n            <jats:sup>238</jats:sup>\n            U/\n            <jats:sup>235</jats:sup>\n            U (\n            <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>238</jats:sup>\n            U) and Th/U ratios in a carbonate section at Dawen in southern China. The EH is characterized by shifts toward lower\n            <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>238</jats:sup>\n            U values (from -0.37‰ to -0.65‰), indicative of an expansion of oceanic anoxia, and higher Th/U ratios (from 0.06 to 0.42), indicative of drawdown of U concentrations in seawater. Using a mass balance model, we estimate that this isotopic shift represents a sixfold increase in the flux of U to anoxic facies, implying a corresponding increase in the extent of oceanic anoxia. The intensification of oceanic anoxia coincided with, or slightly preceded, the EH and persisted for an interval of at least 40,000 to 50,000 y following the EH. These findings challenge previous hypotheses of an extended period of whole-ocean anoxia prior to the end-Permian extinction.\n          </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857595482935680","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gregory A. Brennecka"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404;"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857595482935681","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Achim D. Herrmann"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404;"},{"@value":"Barrett, the Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1612;"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857595482935683","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thomas J. Algeo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; and"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857595482935682","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ariel D. Anbar"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404;"},{"@value":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00278424"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10916490"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-10-10","prism:volume":"108","prism:number":"43","prism:startingPage":"17631","prism:endingPage":"17634"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1106039108"}],"createdAt":"2011-10-11","modifiedAt":"2022-04-14","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690913917056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Uranium and molybdenum isotope evidence for an episode of widespread ocean oxygenation during the late Ediacaran Period"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565165846886144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Complete biotic and sedimentary records of the Permian–Triassic transition from Meishan section, South China: Ecologically assessing mass extinction and its aftermath"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182373489280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Iron-depleted pelagic water at the end-Permian mass extinction inferred from chemical species of iron and molybdenum in deep-sea sedimentary rocks"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092695937792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of Deep-Sea Anoxia in Panthalassa During the Lopingian (Late Permian): Insights From Redox-Sensitive Elements and Multivariate Analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092703121664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geochemical Features of Redox-Sensitive Trace Metals in Sediments under Oxygen-Depleted Marine Environments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584340520034688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electron flux is a key determinant of uranium isotope fractionation during bacterial reduction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640846386816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Bioessential element-depleted ocean following the euxinic maximum of the end-Permian mass extinction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640867330176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Uranium isotope systematics of ferromanganese crusts in the Pacific Ocean: Implications for the marine 238U/235U isotope system"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593710544640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Progressive development of ocean anoxia in the end-Permian pelagic Panthalassa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361131417097643776","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Depauperate skeletonized reef-dwelling fauna of the early Cambrian: Insights from archaeocyathan reef ecosystems of western Mongolia"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.1106039108"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.005_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.041_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3389/feart.2020.613126_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/min10111021_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s43247-023-00989-x_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103650_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.025_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.027_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.003_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.12.014_references_DOI_fWj429ppg1ZnGlJtkC3QqmQet6"}]}