{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995883989632.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.2061"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.2001.46.8.2061"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.2061"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Variation in δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C trophic fractionation: Implications for aquatic food web studies"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Use of stable isotope techniques to quantify food web relationships requires a priori estimates of the enrichment or depletion in δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N and δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values between prey and predator (known as trophic fractionation; hereafter Δδ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N and Δδ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C). We conducted a broad‐scale analysis of Δδ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N and Δδ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C from aquatic systems, including three new field estimates. Carnivores had significantly higher Δδ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N values than herbivores. Furthermore, carnivores, invertebrates, and lab‐derived estimates were significantly more variable than their counterparts ( f‐test, p < 0.00001). Δδ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C was higher for carnivores than for herbivores (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001), while variances did not differ significantly. Excluding herbivores, the average Δδ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N and Δδ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C were 3.4‰ and 0.8‰, respectively. But even with unbiased fractionation estimates, there is variation in isotopic fractionation that contributes to error in quantitative isotope model outputs. We simulated the error variance in δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N‐based estimates of trophic position and two‐source δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C diet mixing models, explicitly considering the observed variation in Δδ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N and Δδ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C, along with the other potential error sources. The resultant error in trophic position and mixing model outputs was generally minor, provided that primary consumers were used as baseline indicators for estimating trophic position and that end member d13C values in dietary mixing models were sufficiently distinct.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995883989633","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Jake Vander Zanden"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699995883989632","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joseph B. Rasmussen"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00243590"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19395590"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"http://id.crossref.org/issn/00243590"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Limnology and Oceanography"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2001-11","prism:volume":"46","prism:number":"8","prism:startingPage":"2061","prism:endingPage":"2066"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.2001.46.8.2061"},{"@id":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.2061"}],"createdAt":"2010-06-30","modifiedAt":"2023-11-19","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050017732462717568","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of inter-annual variation in the feeding habits of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and mackerels (Scomber spp.) in the Western North Pacific based on bulk and amino acid stable isotopes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810790281344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Stable nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids reveals food web structure in stream ecosystems."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050294045369806080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The life history with seasonal migration of the lacustrine shrimp Palaemon paucidens in an ancient lake in Japan"},{"@value":"The life history with seasonal migration of the lacustrine shrimp<i>Palaemon paucidens</i>in an ancient lake in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050568937725666560","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Origin of carbon and essential fatty acids in higher trophic level fish in headwater stream food webs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215349353600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sulfur stable isotope signature identifies the source of reduced sulfur in benthic communities in macrophyte zones of Lake Biwa, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215441015808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of macroinvertebrates in the littoral zone of Lake Biwa as indicators of anthropogenic activities in the watershed"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002219012319744","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Depth segregation and diet disparity revealed by stable isotope analyses in sympatric herbivorous cichlids in Lake Tanganyika"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002219818347520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diet Shift In the Sand Shrimp Crangon uritai Along the Estuary-Marine Gradient"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004230289126656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"δ\n                    <sup>13</sup>\n                    C and δ\n                    <sup>15</sup>\n                    N values in scales of\n                    <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>\n                    largemouth bass as a freshwater environmental indicator"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231362021248","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coniferous needle litter acts as a stable food resource for stream detritivores"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231449040768","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Possible ideas on carbon and nitrogen trophic fractionation of food chains: a new aspect of food‐chain stable isotope analysis in Lake Biwa, Lake Baikal, and the Mongolian grasslands"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240189979520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chlorophyll\n                    <i>a</i>\n                    -specific Δ\n                    <sup>14</sup>\n          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