{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996398268032.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.phymed.2005.03.010"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0944711305001728?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0944711305001728?httpAccept=text/plain"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"16635744"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Induction of apoptosis by carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya koenigii"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"In the current study, we isolated 10 carbazole alkaloids from the plant species Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae), and examined their effects on the growth of the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Three carbazole alkaloids, mahanine (6), pyrayafoline-D (7) and murrafoline-I (9), showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells. Fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells with fragmented nuclei and condensed chromatin was increased in a time-dependent manner after treatment with each alkaloid. Interestingly, each carbazole alkaloid induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, both caspase-9 and caspase-3 were also time-dependently activated upon treatment with the alkaloids. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors suppressed apoptosis induced by these alkaloids. The results suggest that these three alkaloids induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway, through mitochondrial dysfunction."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268160","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Ito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268035","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Itoigawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268036","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Nakao"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268033","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Murata"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268161","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Tsuboi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268034","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Kaneda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996398268032","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Furukawa"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"09447113"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Phytomedicine"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2006-05","prism:volume":"13","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"359","prism:endingPage":"365"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0944711305001728?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0944711305001728?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2005-09-16","modifiedAt":"2025-10-15","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Plants,%20Medicinal","dc:title":"Plants, Medicinal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Time%20Factors","dc:title":"Time Factors"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Caspase%203","dc:title":"Caspase 3"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cell%20Survival","dc:title":"Cell Survival"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Carbazoles","dc:title":"Carbazoles"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Apoptosis","dc:title":"Apoptosis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=HL-60%20Cells","dc:title":"HL-60 Cells"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Murraya","dc:title":"Murraya"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Caspase%209","dc:title":"Caspase 9"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Membrane%20Potentials","dc:title":"Membrane Potentials"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Caspases","dc:title":"Caspases"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Mitochondrial%20Membranes","dc:title":"Mitochondrial Membranes"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Toxicity%20Tests","dc:title":"Toxicity Tests"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Humans","dc:title":"Humans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Oligopeptides","dc:title":"Oligopeptides"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206126592128","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"植物資源から新しい生物活性化合物の探索研究</br>─新しい化合物の構造と生物活性評価─"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Search of Novel Bioactive Natural Products from Plant Sources</br>—Novel Structures and Biological Activities—"},{"@value":"植物資源から新しい生物活性化合物の探索研究--新しい化合物の構造と生物活性評価"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ショクブツ シゲン カラ アタラシイ セイブツ カッセイ カゴウブツ ノ タンサク ケンキュウ アタラシイ カゴウブツ ノ コウゾウ ト セイブツ カッセイ ヒョウカ"},{"@value":"Search of Novel Bioactive Natural Products from Plant Sources</br>&mdash;Novel Structures and Biological Activities&mdash;"},{"@value":"ChemInform Abstract: Search of Novel Bioactive Natural Products from Plant Sources — Novel Structures and Biological Activities"},{"@value":"Search of novel bioactive natural products from plant sources -novel structures and biological activities"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390856218602858496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Studies on the Isolation and Molecular Mechanisms of Bioactive Phytochemicals"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"植物由来生理活性物質の探索と作用機構の解析"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ショクブツ ユライ セイリ カッセイ ブッシツ ノ タンサク ト サヨウ キコウ ノ カイセキ"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.phymed.2005.03.010"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::6c0f72802425c4d49d025c53a63f8d7b"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1248/yakushi.22-00043_references_DOI_Tf9kHXLr3wiJV871O5DpOnIaSfw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1248/yakushi.129.1155_references_DOI_Tf9kHXLr3wiJV871O5DpOnIaSfw"}]}