{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996400601088.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2013ms000279"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2013MS000279"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013MS000279"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Improved dust representation in the Community Atmosphere Model"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Aerosol‐climate interactions constitute one of the major sources of uncertainty in assessing changes in aerosol forcing in the anthropocene as well as understanding glacial‐interglacial cycles. Here we focus on improving the representation of mineral dust in the Community Atmosphere Model and assessing the impacts of the improvements in terms of direct effects on the radiative balance of the atmosphere. We simulated the dust cycle using different parameterization sets for dust emission, size distribution, and optical properties. Comparing the results of these simulations with observations of concentration, deposition, and aerosol optical depth allows us to refine the representation of the dust cycle and its climate impacts. We propose a tuning method for dust parameterizations to allow the dust module to work across the wide variety of parameter settings which can be used within the Community Atmosphere Model. Our results include a better representation of the dust cycle, most notably for the improved size distribution. The estimated net top of atmosphere direct dust radiative forcing is −0.23 ± 0.14 W/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for present day and −0.32 ± 0.20 W/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> at the Last Glacial Maximum. From our study and sensitivity tests, we also derive some general relevant findings, supporting the concept that the magnitude of the modeled dust cycle is sensitive to the observational data sets and size distribution chosen to constrain the model as well as the meteorological forcing data, even within the same modeling framework, and that the direct radiative forcing of dust is strongly sensitive to the optical properties and size distribution used.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004055552390663","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Albani"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"},{"@value":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Milano‐Bicocca  Milano Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601089","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. M. Mahowald"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601090","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. T. Perry"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601088","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. A. Scanza"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601096","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. S. Zender"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine California USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601094","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. G. Heavens"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601093","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"V. Maggi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Milano‐Bicocca  Milano Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996400601091","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. F. Kok"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"},{"@value":"Now at Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380298343355864192","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. L. Otto‐Bliesner"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"19422466"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19422466"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-07-16","prism:volume":"6","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"541","prism:endingPage":"570"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2013MS000279"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013MS000279"}],"createdAt":"2014-05-14","modifiedAt":"2023-10-04","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050022853111391232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiphase processes in the EC-Earth model and their relevance to the atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and iron cycles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050022919157071616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Glacial CO2 decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust"},{"@value":"Glacial CO\n                  <sub>2</sub>\n                  decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust"},{"@value":"Glacial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585803064248064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Contribution of the world's main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585946602863872","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effect of high dust amount on surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum: a modelling study using MIROC-ESM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278040958336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Evaluation of aerosol iron solubility over Australian coastal regions based on inverse modeling: implications of bushfires on bioaccessible iron concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050867278041523328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Less atmospheric radiative heating by dust due to the synergy of coarser size and aspherical shape"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002214351760256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of a global aerosol model using a two‐dimensional sectional method: 1. Model design"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216823383808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Anthropogenic combustion iron as a complex climate forcer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240190278016","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Reviews and syntheses: the GESAMP atmospheric iron deposition model intercomparison study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168755999488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Soluble salts in deserts as a source of sulfate aerosols in an Antarctic ice core during the last glacial period"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013172240094080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Improved representation of the global dust cycle using observational constraints on dust properties and abundance"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017279844212736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285715172543616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617734158208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Constraining the atmospheric limb of the plastic cycle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306906093603072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Representation of iron aerosol size distributions of anthropogenic emissions is critical in evaluating atmospheric soluble iron input to the ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567190149212160","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 4: Scientific objectives and experimental design of the PMIP4-CMIP6 Last Glacial Maximum experiments and PMIP4 sensitivity experiments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118674406656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regional patterns and temporal evolution of ocean iron fertilization and CO2 drawdown during the last glacial termination"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360585256673824128","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dependency of Particle Size Distribution at Dust Emission on Friction Velocity and Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Stability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846639281891712","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of a global aerosol model using a two‐dimensional sectional method: 2. Evaluation and sensitivity simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656921283456","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of meteorological nudging on the global dust cycle simulated by NICAM coupled with an aerosol model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593670939264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857690781742848","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Antiphased dust deposition and productivity in the Antarctic Zone over 1.5 million years"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707358556672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The underappreciated role of anthropogenic sources in atmospheric soluble iron flux to the Southern Ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360869855123012096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Where Dust Comes From: Global Assessment of Dust Source Attributions With AeroCom Models"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2013ms000279"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2017ms000936_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-018-03997-0_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.016_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117299_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100849_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-8169-2021_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cp-14-1565-2018_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.2020719118_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-10-4035-2017_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116675_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-16869-2021_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-020-00357-9_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2017ms000937_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-20-12939-2020_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-022-29642-5_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41612-022-00250-w_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2024jd041377_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cp-15-981-2019_references_DOI_JPkklE6vwwxzc0GZJsExbolXwAN"}]}